小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Prakash P. Punjabi, FRCS, FESC, MS, MCh
Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon
National Heart and Lung Institute
Imperial College Faculty of Medicine
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust - Hammersmith Hospital
London
UK
利益声明
PPP is an author of references cited in this monograph. PPP declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Prakash P. Punjabi would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Samir Kapadia and Dr Mehdi H. Shishehbor, previous contributors to this monograph. SK and MHS declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Leonardo Rodriguez, MD
Fellow
Cardiovascular Imaging Center
Department of Cardiology
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland
OH
利益声明
LR declares that he has no competing interests.
Ruth Falik, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston
TX
利益声明
RF declares that she has no competing interests.
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