小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 波动
- 幻视
- 运动症状
- 快速眼动期(REM)睡眠行为障碍
其他诊断因素
- 对抗精神病药物高度敏感
- 抑郁症
- 焦虑
- 反复跌倒和晕厥
- 体位性低血压
- 泌尿系统症状
- 便秘
- 注意力和视觉处理异常
- 妄想
- 睡眠过度
- 嗅觉减退
- 幻听
危险因素
- 老年
- 家族性发病
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 血清促甲状腺激素 (TSH)
- 血清维生素 B12
- 头颅 CT
- 头部 MRI
需考虑的检查
- 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
- 生化检查
- 血清叶酸
- 血清性病研究实验室检查
- 尿液药物筛查
- 尿液分析
- HIV 检测
- 单光子发射断层扫描(SPECT)/正电子发射断层扫描(PET)
- 定量脑电图 (EEG)
- 多导睡眠图
- 脑脊液(CSF)分析
- 神经心理测验
- MIBG 心肌显像
治疗流程
所有患者
撰稿人
作者
Alan J. Lerner, MD
Professor of Neurology
Department of Neurology
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland
OH
利益声明
AJL declares that he has no competing interests.
Mohamed I. Elkasaby, MD
Fellow in Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry
Department of Neurology
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland
OH
利益声明
MIE declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Alan J. Lerner and Dr Mohamed I. Elkasaby would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Brian S. Appleby, Dr Ethan Gore, Dr Rajeet Shrestha, Dr Timothy Wuerz, Dr Julie Schneider, Dr Viola Fahmy, and Dr Sube Banerjee, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
BSA, EG, RS, TW, JS, VF, and SB declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Bryan Bernard, PhD
Assistant Professor and Clinical Neuropsychologist
Department of Neurological Sciences
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago
IL
利益声明
BB declares that he has no competing interests.
James E. Galvin, MD, MPH
Associate Professor
Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurobiology
Director
Memory Diagnostic Center and Alzheimer Treatment Unit
Director
Education and Community Outreach
Alzheimer Disease Research Center
Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis
MO
利益声明
JEG declares that he has no competing interests.
Ian McKeith, MBBS
Professor of Old Age Psychiatry
Clinical Director
Institute for Ageing and Health
Newcastle University
Newcastle
UK
利益声明
IM is the author of several references cited in this topic.
鉴别诊断
- 阿尔茨海默病
- 帕金森病
- 额颞叶痴呆
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- REM 睡眠行为障碍管理
- ACR 适宜性标准:痴呆
更多 指南患者教育信息
阿尔茨海默病和其他痴呆症
痴呆患者护理
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