小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 卒中史
- 解决问题困难
- 冷漠
- 脱抑制
- 处理信息的速度减慢
- 注意力差
- 提取记忆缺失
- 额叶释放反射
- 局部神经系统体征
- 步态和平衡受损
危险因素
- 年龄 60 岁以上
- 肥胖
- 高血压
- 吸烟
- 糖尿病
- 高胆固醇血症
- 酒精滥用
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 全血细胞计数 (FBC）
- 红细胞沉降率
- 血糖水平
- 肝肾功能检查
- 维生素 B12
- 叶酸
- 甲状腺功能
- 颅脑 CT 或 MRI
- 心电图 (ECG)
需考虑的检查
- 梅毒血清学检查
- 狼疮抗凝剂、抗磷脂、抗核抗体试验
- 神经心理测验
- 颈动脉双功能超声
- 超声心动图
治疗流程
动脉粥样硬化性疾病
心脏栓塞疾病
撰稿人
作者
Peter Passmore, BSc, MB, BCh, BAO, MD, FRCP (Lond, Glasg), FRCPI
Professor of Ageing and Geriatric Medicine
Queen's University Belfast
Belfast
UK
利益声明
PP declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Peter Passmore would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr David Wilson, Dr Grant Bateman, and Dr Velandai Srikanth, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
DW has received educational grants from Shire. GB and VS declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Roy J. Goldberg, MD, FACP, AGSF, CMD
Medical Director
Kings Harbor Multicare Center
New York
NY
利益声明
RJG declares that he has no competing interests.
Craig N. Sawchuk, PhD
Affiliate Assistant Professor
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of Washington Medical Center
Seattle
WA
利益声明
CNS declares that he has no competing interests.
Bryan Bernard, PhD
Assistant Professor and Clinical Neuropsychologist
Department of Neurological Sciences
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago
IL
利益声明
BB declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 抑郁
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD)
- 轻度认知损害 (MCI)
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