小结
鉴别诊断
撰稿人
作者
James E. Brown, MD, MMM
Professor and Chair
Emergency Medicine
Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine
Kettering
OH
利益声明
JEB declares that he has given expert testimony in matters related to this topic.
鸣谢
Dr James E. Brown would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Marvin H. Eng and Dr Mori J. Krantz, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
MHE declares that he has no competing interests. MJK is a consultant for GlaxoSmithKline.
同行评议者
Michael Jelinek, MD, FRACP, FACC
Cardiologist
St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
University of Melbourne
Melbourne
Australia
利益声明
MJ declares that he has no competing interests.
Debabrata Mukherjee, MD
Gill Foundation Professor of Interventional Cardiology
Director of Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories
Gill Heart Institute
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
University of Kentucky
Lexington
KY
利益声明
DM declares that he has no competing interests.
Martin Bocks, MD
Clinical Lecturer
University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center
Ann Arbor
MI
利益声明
MB declares that he has no competing interests.
Ethan Cumbler, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Denver
CO
利益声明
EC declares that he has no competing interests.
Davendra P.S. Sohal, MBBS, MPH
Research Fellow
Internal Medicine
Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Jacobi Medical Center
Bronx
NY
利益声明
DS declares that he has no competing interests.
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