精神分裂症

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最后审阅: 23 Jun 2024
最后更新: 14 Jan 2021

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 幻觉
  • 妄想
  • 被动现象
  • 阴性症状
  • 思维混乱(思维障碍)
  • 紧张症
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 激越或苦恼
  • 自杀想法
  • 认知改变
完整详情

危险因素

  • 精神分裂症家族史
  • 父亲年龄较大
  • 产科并发症
  • 大麻使用
  • IQ 低
  • 运动功能障碍
  • 心理应激
  • 儿童期虐待
  • 出生在晚冬/早春季节
  • 较寒冷的气候
  • 迁移状态
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 临床诊断
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

急性精神病

持续性治疗

既往确诊精神分裂症:长期管理

撰稿人

专家顾问

Fiona Gaughran, MB BCh, BAO (Hons), MRCPI, MD NUI, FRCP, FRCPI, FRCP Edin, FRCPsych, FHEA

Lead Consultant Psychiatrist

National Psychosis Service

Director of Research and Development

South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust

Reader in Psychopharmacology and Physical Health

Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience

Kings College London

UK

利益声明

FG has received support or honoraria for CME, advisory work, and lectures from Lundbeck, Otsuka, and Sunovion; collaborated with a research group supported by NHS Innovations and Janssen; and has a family member with professional links to Lilly and GSK, including shares. FG is in part funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London and the South London Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care Funding scheme, and by the Maudsley Charity and the Stanley Medical Research Institute. Any views expressed in her work are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care.

Toby Pillinger, MA(Oxon), BM, BCh, MRCP, PhD

Academic Clinical Fellow

Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience

King's College London

UK

利益声明

TP has received honoraria for contributing to speaker meetings organised by Sunovion, Lundbeck, and Otsuka.

鸣谢

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous team of expert contributors, whose work is retained in parts of the content:

Adrian Preda, MD

Professor of Clinical Psychiatry

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior

University of California, Irvine School of Medicine

Irvine

CA

Robert G. Bota, MD

Health Sciences Clinical Professor of Psychiatry

University of California

Irvine

CA

Disclosures

AP declares that he has no competing interests. RGB declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Jonathan Mitchell, MBChB, MRCPsych

Consultant Psychiatrist

Sheffield Health and Social Care NHS Foundation Trust

Sheffield

UK

利益声明

JM has been involved in production of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance on this topic and is a member of the expert advisors panel for the NICE centre for guidelines. He was involved in an NIHR-funded research project on the physical health of people with schizophrenia.

编辑

Annabel Sidwell

Section Editor, BMJ Best Practice

利益声明

AS declares that she has no competing interests.

Susan Mayor

Lead Section Editor, BMJ Best Practice

利益声明

SM works as a freelance medical journalist and editor, video editorial director and presenter, and communications trainer. In this capacity, she has been paid, and continues to be paid, by a wide range of organisations for providing these skills on a professional basis. These include: NHS organisations, including the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NHS Choices, NHS Kidney Care, and others; publishers and medical education companies, including the BMJ Group, the Lancet group, Medscape, and others; professional organisations, including the British Thoracic Oncology Group, the European Society for Medical Oncology, the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death, and others; charities and patients’ organisations, including the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation and others; pharmaceutical companies, including Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and others; and communications agencies, including Publicis, Red Healthcare and others. She has no stock options or shares in any pharmaceutical or healthcare companies; however, she invests in a personal pension, which may invest in these types of companies. She is managing director of Susan Mayor Limited, the company name under which she provides medical writing and communications services.

Rachel Wheeler

Lead Section Editor, BMJ Best Practice

利益声明

RW declares that she has no competing interests.

Julie Costello

Comorbidities Editor, BMJ Best Practice

利益声明

JC declares that she has no competing interests.

Adam Mitchell

Drug Editor, BMJ Best Practice

利益声明

AM declares that he has no competing interests.

  • 鉴别诊断

    • 分裂情感性障碍
    • 物质引起的精神障碍
    • 伴有精神病的痴呆
    更多 鉴别诊断
  • 指南

    • 成人精神病与精神分裂症:预防和管理
    • 精神分裂症管理:国家临床指南
    更多 指南
  • 患者教育信息

    精神分裂症:什么是精神分裂?

    精神分裂症:如何有效治疗?

    更多 患者教育信息
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