小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 胸痛
- 呼吸困难
- 同侧呼吸音减弱
- 同侧肺部过度充气且叩诊时有过清音
- 缺氧
- 存在的危险因素
- 心肺功能恶化
- 气管向对侧偏移
- 出汗
其他诊断因素
- 咳嗽
危险因素
- 吸烟
- 气胸家族史
- 身材高瘦的体型
- 年龄＜40 岁
- 近期接受过创伤性手术
- 胸部外伤
- 急性重症哮喘
- 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)
- 结核
- AIDS 相关的卡氏肺囊虫感染
- 囊性纤维化。
- 淋巴管肌瘤病
- 马凡综合征
- 高胱氨酸尿
- 原发性肺癌和向肺部转移的癌症
- Birt-Hogg-Dube 综合征
- 肺部朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症
- Erdheim-Chester 病
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 胸部 X 线检查
- 血液检测
需考虑的检查
- 胸腔超声
- 胸部 CT
- 动脉血气 （ABG）
治疗流程
疑似张力性气胸
确诊原发性自发性气胸
确诊继发性自发性气胸
确诊创伤性非张力性气胸
确诊阻塞性肺不张后气胸
急性气胸消退
撰稿人
专家顾问
Jonathan Bennett, MD
Honorary Professor of Respiratory Sciences
University of Leicester
Respiratory Consultant
Glenfield Hospital
Leicester
UK
简介
JB is Chair of the British Thoracic Society (BTS). He is also deputy medical director RCP Invited service Reviews, and speaker at National Society (eg., BTS), Primary Care respiratory Society, Society Cardiothoracic Surgeons meetings.
利益声明
JB declares that he has no competing interests.
Claire Vella, MD, MRCP
Clinical Fellow Lung Cancer and Interventional Pulmonology
Glenfield Hospital
Leicester
UK
利益声明
CV declares that she has no competing interests.
Onyeka Umerah
Respiratory Registrar
Glenfield Hospital
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
Leicester
UK
利益声明
OU declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous team of expert contributors, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:
Lonny Yarmus, DO, MBA
Associate Professor of Medicine and Oncology
Clinical Director, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Director, Interventional Pulmonology Research Core
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore
MD
Jason Akulian, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Director, Interventional Pulmonology
Carolina Center for Pleural Disease
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill
NC
利益声明
LY has received research grants and consulting fees from Olympus, Inc, the manufacturer of the Spiration intrabronchial valve. JA declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Matthew Knight, PGCertEd MD FRCP FRCP(Edin)
Associate Postgraduate Dean
Health Education England
Royal College of Physicians College Tutor
Consultant Respiratory Physician
Watford General Hospital
West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust
利益声明
MK was collaborator and site principal investigator for the randomised ambulatory management of primary pneumothorax (RAMPP) trial, which received funding from Rocket Medical. MK has attended meetings sponsored by Rocket Medical.
编辑
Annabel Sidwell
Section Editor, BMJ Best Practice
利益声明
AS declares that she has no competing interests.
Anna Ellis
Head of Editorial, BMJ Best Practice
利益声明
AE declares that she has no competing interests.
Rachel Wheeler
Lead Section Editor, BMJ Best Practice
利益声明
RW declares that she has no competing interests.
Julie Costello
Comorbidities Editor, BMJ Best Practice
利益声明
JC declares that she has no competing interests.
Adam Mitchell
Drug Editor, BMJ Best Practice
利益声明
AM declares that he has no competing interests.
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