小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Consultant Endocrinologist
Manchester University Foundation Trust
Hon. Professor of Medicine and Endocrinology
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
Manchester
UK
利益声明
SB declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr Stephen Ball wishes to gratefully acknowledge Dr Mark Sherlock and Dr Paul M. Stewart, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
MS and PMS declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Professor of Medicine
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh
PA
利益声明
At the time of peer review, JA received research grants from the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Veterans' Affairs, and the Department of Defense. We were made aware that Professor Amico is now deceased.
Professor of Endocrinology
Department of Endocrinology
Beaumont Hospital
Dublin
Ireland
利益声明
CT declares that he has no competing interests.
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