小结
定义
肝硬化是一种弥漫性的病理过程，其特征为纤维化和正常肝结构转变为异常结节（再生性结节）。[1]
肝硬化的病因多种多样，是各种慢性肝病的最后阶段。可导致门静脉高压、肝衰竭和肝细胞癌。一般来说，该疾病在其晚期阶段被认为是不可逆的，但如果潜在原因得到治疗，可能会有显著恢复。
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 腹腔镜下硬化的肝脏由 Dr Eugene Schiff 和 Dr Lennox Jeffers 惠赠；经获准使用 [Citation ends].
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Grace E. Dolman, PhD MA (Cantab) MRCP
Clinical Research Fellow
Barts Liver Centre
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry
London
UK
利益声明
GED declares that she has no competing interests.
Patrick T. F. Kennedy, MB BCh BAO BMedSci FRCP MD
Reader and Honorary Consultant in Hepatology
Barts Liver Centre
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry
London
UK
利益声明
PTFK acts as an advisor for Gilead Sciences, Janssen, and Immunocore. PTFK has received grant funding from Gilead Sciences. These roles are unrelated to the current article.
鸣谢
Dr Grace E. Dolman and Dr Patrick T. F. Kennedy would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Keith D. Lindor and Dr Flavia Mendes, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
KDL is an unpaid advisor for Intercept Pharmaceuticals and Shire Pharmaceuticals. FM declares that she has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Nancy Reau, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Chicago
Center for Liver Disease
Chicago
IL
利益声明
NR declares that she has no competing interests.
Cynthia Levy, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor
Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition
University of Florida
Gainesville
FL
利益声明
CL declares that she has no competing interests.
James Neuberger, DM, FRCP, Hon
Consultant Physician
Hon Professor in Medicine
Associate Medical Director NHSBT
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Birmingham
UK
利益声明
JN declares that he has no competing interests.
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