小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 肿块
- 上消化道/下消化道出血
- 皮疹
- 紫色黄斑丘疹性病变
- 功能失调性子宫出血
- 腹腰围增加
- HIV 感染史
- 急腹症的特征
- 神经性疼痛
其他诊断因素
- 体重减轻
- 疲劳
- 厌食
- 腹部膨胀、不适、疼痛
- 单侧肢体肿胀
危险因素
- 基因遗传综合征
- 放疗
- 人类疱疹病毒 8 (HHV-8) 感染
- 先天性疾病
- 淋巴水肿
- 化学致癌物接触史
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 原发性肿瘤的 CT 扫描
- 原发性肿瘤的 MRI
- 胸部 CT 扫描
- HIV 检查
需考虑的检查
- 原发性肿瘤的超声
- 胸部 X 线检查
- 正电子发射计算机断层显像 (PET) 扫描
- 内镜检查
- 组织学活检
- 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
- 尿素
- 肌酐
- 肝功能检查(LFT)
- 超声心动图或多门控采集 (MUGA) 扫描
- 基因重排检测
治疗流程
四肢肿瘤:I 期
四肢肿瘤:II-III 期,可切除
四肢肿瘤:II-III 期,不可切除
四肢肿瘤:IV 期,单一器官肿瘤,且肿瘤体积有限或有区域淋巴结转移
四肢肿瘤:IV 期,弥散性转移
腹膜后/腹内肿瘤:可切除
腹膜后/腹内肿瘤:不可切除或 IV 期
胃肠道间质瘤:局限性或可能可切除
胃肠道间质瘤:不可切除或为转移性肿瘤
复发
撰稿人
作者
James S. Hu, MD, FACP
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
JSH declares that he has no competing interests.
Swati Sikaria, MD
Fellow
USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
SS declares that she has no competing interests.
Sant P. Chawla, MD, FRACP
Director
Sarcoma Oncology Center
Santa Monica
CA
利益声明
SPC declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr James S. Hu, Dr Swati Sikaria, and Dr Sant P. Chawla would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jonathan C. Trent, Dr Saira Hassan, and Dr David Thomas, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
JCT and SH each declare that they have no competing interests. DT has received research support from Pfizer, Amgen, and Novartis.
同行评议者
Alfio Ferlito, MD, DLO, DPath, FRCSEd
Director
Department of Surgical Sciences
Professor and Chairman
ENT Clinic
University of Udine
Udine
Italy
利益声明
AF declares that he has no competing interests.
Adrienne Flanagan, MB BCh FRCPath PhD
Professor of Musculoskeletal Pathology
Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science
University College London
Stanmore
UK
利益声明
AF declares that she has no competing interests.
Robert Maki, MB, PhD
Medical Oncologist
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York
NY
利益声明
RM declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 脂肪瘤
- 胃肠溃疡
- 淋巴瘤
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 软组织和内脏肉瘤:ESMO–EURACAN–GENTURIS 关于诊断、治疗和随访的临床实践指南
- 用于治疗晚期软组织肉瘤的曲贝替定
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