最后审阅： 30 十月 2021
最后更新： 25 五月 2021
小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Mariela Blum Murphy, MD
Associate Professor
Department of GI Medical Oncology
University of Texas
MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston
TX
利益声明
MBM declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Mariela Blum Murphy would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Valerie Reed and Dr Prajnan Das, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
VR and PD declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Theodore Hong, MD
Director
Gastrointestinal Radiation Oncology
Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
Boston
MA
利益声明
TH declares that he has no competing interests.
Andreas Leodolter, MD
Head of Department
Department of Gastroenterology
Sana Klinikum
Remscheid
Germany
利益声明
AL declares that he has no competing interests.
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