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肾细胞癌

最后审阅: 21 Oct 2024
最后更新: 13 Jun 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 无症状(意外发现)
  • 血尿
  • 腰部疼痛
  • 可触及腹部包块
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 非特异性系统性症状
  • 肝功能障碍的体征
  • 神经肌病
  • 下肢水肿
  • 阴囊精索静脉曲张
  • 皮肤病学表现(遗传性综合征)
  • 视力丧失 (von Hippel Lindau综合征)
完整详情

危险因素

  • 吸烟
  • 男性
  • 年龄超过 55 岁
  • 居住在发达国家
  • 黑种人/美洲印第安族裔
  • 肥胖
  • 高血压
  • RCC 家族史阳性
  • 遗传性综合征病史
  • 获得性囊性肾病病史
  • 石棉/镉
  • 产科病史/雌激素暴露
  • 盆腔放疗
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 全血细胞计数(FBC)
  • LDH
  • 矫正钙
  • 肝功能检测
  • 凝血指标
  • 肌酐
  • 估算的 GFR
  • 尿液分析
  • 腹部/盆腔超声
  • 腹部/盆腔 CT
  • 腹部/骨盆 MRI
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 胸部 CT
  • 脑部/脊柱 MRI
  • 骨扫描
  • 活检
  • 外科病理学
  • 遗传学方面的评估
完整详情

新兴检查

  • PET 扫描

治疗流程

持续性治疗

肾脏小肿块或 RCC 1 期或 2 期

RCC 3 期

RCC 4 期(转移性疾病)

撰稿人

作者

Rodrigo R. Pessoa, MD, PhD

Urology Fellow

Department of Urology

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

利益声明

RRP declares that he has no competing interests.

Simon Kim, MD, MPH

Associate Professor of Surgery

Associate Program Director

Anschutz Medical Campus

University of Colorado

UCSOM Division of Urology

Denver

CO

利益声明

SK declares that he has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Rodrigo R. Pessoa and Dr Simon Kim would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Amishi Y. Shah, Dr Sonal Gandhi, and Jennifer J. Knox, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

AYS has an unpaid advisory role for Merck pharmaceuticals. SG and JJK declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Stephen A. Boorjian, MD

Assistant Professor

Fox Chase Cancer Center

Philadelphia

PA

利益声明

SAB has been reimbursed by Pfizer for serving on its speakers bureau. SAB is co-author of a reference cited in this topic.

Thomas J. Guzzo, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor of Urology and Surgery

The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia

PA

利益声明

TJG declares that he has no competing interests.

Jonathan Waxman, BSc, MBBS, MD, FRCP

Professor of Oncology

Imperial College

London

UK

利益声明

JW declares that he has no competing interests.

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