小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 20-34岁之间
- 睾丸肿物
其他诊断因素
- 睾丸外症状
危险因素
- 隐睾症
- 性腺发育不良
- 睾丸癌家族史
- 睾丸癌个人史
- 睾丸萎缩
- 白种人
- HIV 感染
- 化学致癌物和少精
- 农村居民
- 社会经济地位高
- 腹股沟疝
- 基因异常
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 睾丸彩色多普勒超声
- 胸部 X 线检查（CXR）
- CT扫描（腹部和盆腔）
- 血清 β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素（beta-hCG）
- 血清甲胎蛋白
- 血清乳酸脱氢酶
- 睾丸切除术后睾丸肿物组织学检查
需考虑的检查
- 血清胎盘碱性磷酸酶
- 血清 γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（gamma-GT）
- MRI扫描（腹部和盆腔）
- 胸部 CT 扫描
治疗流程
可疑睾丸肿块
早期精原细胞瘤
早期非精原细胞瘤
精原细胞瘤或非精原细胞瘤：晚期癌症/转移（IIC或III期）
精原细胞瘤或非精原细胞瘤：疾病复发
撰稿人
作者
Al B. Barqawi, MD, FRCS
Associate Professor of Surgery/Urology
Director of Prostate Cancer Fellowship Program
School of Medicine
University of Colorado Denver
Aurora
CO
利益声明
ABB declares that he has no competing interests.
Brandon Bernard, MD, FRCPC
Assistant Professor
University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine
University of Colorado Cancer Center
Aurora
CO
利益声明
BB declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Al B. Barqawi and Dr Brandon Bernard would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Elizabeth R. Kessler and Dr Thomas W. Flaig, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
ERK and TWF declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Elisabeth Heath, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine and Oncology
Karmanos Cancer Institute
Wayne State University
Detroit
MI
利益声明
EH declares that she has no competing interests.
Gianfilippo Bertelli, MD, PhD, FRCP (Edin)
Consultant/Honorary Senior Lecturer in Medical Oncology
SW Wales Cancer Institute/Department of Oncology
Singleton Hospital
Sketty
Swansea
UK
利益声明
GB declares that he has no competing interests.
Emilio Porfiri, MD, PhD
Senior Lecturer in Medical Oncology
School of Cancer Sciences
University of Birmingham
Birmingham
UK
利益声明
EP declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 睾丸扭转
- 睾丸附睾炎
- 阴囊疝气
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