小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- (既往)病毒性综合征
- 自身免疫性疾病
- 传染病
- 药物及毒素
其他诊断因素
- 年龄<50岁
- 胸痛
- 呼吸困难
- 端坐呼吸
- 疲劳
- 心悸
- 啰音
- 颈静脉鼓起
- S3 奔马律
- 窦性心动过速
- 房性和室性心律失常
- 呼吸急促
- 肝肿大
- 晕厥
- 发热
- 胃肠道问题
- 鼻溢(流涕)
- 咳嗽
- S3 和 S4重迭奔马律
- 心包摩擦音
- 外周灌注不足
- 低血压
- 感觉异常
- 淋巴结肿大
- 呼吸窘迫
危险因素
- 感染(非HIV)
- HIV 感染
- 自身免疫性/免疫介导的疾病
- 围产期和产后期
- 药物及毒素
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 12 导联心电图
- 胸部 X 线检查 (CXR)
- 血清肌酸激酶 (CK)
- 血清 CK-MB
- 血清肌钙蛋白(I 或 T)
- 血清 B 型利钠肽
- 二维超声心动图
- 18 氟-氟代脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描(18F-FDG-PET-CT)
需考虑的检查
- 心内膜心肌活检 (EMB)
- 冠状动脉造影
- 心脏磁共振成像
- 病毒聚合酶链反应 (polymerase chain reaction, PCR)
新兴检查
- MRI引导的EMB
治疗流程
血流动力学稳定:没有左心室收缩功能障碍的证据
血流动力学稳定:有 LV 收缩功能障碍的证据
血液动力学不稳定:成人
血液动力学不稳定:儿童
末期心力衰竭或难治性致死性心律失常
撰稿人
作者
Shriprasad R. Deshpande, MBBS, MS
Medical Director
Heart Transplant and Advanced Cardiac Therapies Program
Children's National Hospital
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
The George Washington University
Washington
DC
利益声明
SRD declares that he has no competing interests.
Bibhuti Das, MBBS, MD, FAAP, FACC
Pediatric Cardiology
Chief, McLane Children’s Hospital, BSW Medical Center
Baylor Scott and White Medical Center
Professor of Pediatrics
Baylor College of Medicine-Temple
Director of ACHD and CPET
Temple
TX
利益声明
BD declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Shriprasad R. Deshpande and Dr Bibhuti Das would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Katherine C. Wu, Dr James E. Harvey, and Dr Arman T. Askari, previous contributors to this topic. KCW, JEH, and ATA declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
David A. Leaf, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine
School of Medicine
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
DAL declares that he has no competing interests.
John Charpie, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Medical Director
Pediatric Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit
University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center
Ann Arbor
MI
利益声明
JC declares that he has no competing interests.
Lokesh Tejwani, MD, FACC
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine
University of Missouri Hospitals and Clinics
Harry S. Truman VA Hospital
Columbia
MO
利益声明
LT declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 急性冠脉综合征
- 扩张型心肌病
- 心包炎
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 2022 年 ESC 心脏肿瘤指南
- 2022 年 ESC 室性心律失常患者管理和心源性猝死预防指南
更多 指南- 登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容
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