小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 咳嗽
- 呼吸困难
其他诊断因素
- 发热
- 胸膜炎性胸痛
- 呼吸急促
- 恶臭味呼吸
- 捻发音
- 泡沫痰或脓性痰
- 呕吐病史
危险因素
- 头颈部癌症的放化疗
- 意识状态改变
- 吞咽功能障碍
- 胃肠道疾病
- 气管插管或气管切开
- 老年
- 口腔卫生不佳
- 胃管
- 仰卧位
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 氧饱和度
- 胸部 X 线检查 (CXR)
- 全血细胞计数（FBC）
- 痰液革兰氏染色
- 痰培养
需考虑的检查
- 床旁肺部超声
- 动脉血气分析（ABG）
- 支气管镜检查
治疗流程
所有患者
撰稿人
作者
Michael J. Lanspa, MD, MS
Adjunct Associate Professor
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Intermountain Medical Center
University of Utah
Salt Lake City
UT
利益声明
MJL declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Michael J. Lanspa would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Richard Kanner and Dr Krishna Sundar, previous contributors to this topic. DK and KS declares that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Toby Maher, MB, PhD, MRCP
Consultant Respiratory Physician
Department of Respiratory Medicine
Royal Brompton Hospital
London
UK
利益声明
TM has received research funding from the Wellcome Trust and GlaxoSmithKline. He has acted as a paid consultant to GSK, Actelion, and Respironies.
Feras Hawari, MD
Chief of Pulmonary and Critical Care
King Hussein Cancer Center
Amman
Jordan
利益声明
FH declares that he has no competing interests.
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