小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 闭经
- 月经周期不规律
- 潮热和盗汗
- 阴道症状
- 情绪变化
其他诊断因素
- 睡眠障碍
- 轻度健忘
- 月经量过多
危险因素
- 40 至 60 岁
- 癌症治疗
- 吸烟
- 卵巢手术
- 母亲的绝经年龄
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 妊娠试验
需考虑的检查
- 卵泡刺激素 (FSH)
- 血清雌二醇
治疗流程
初期表现为轻度血管舒缩症状
有子宫的女性出现中至重度潮热，伴或不伴性欲减退
无子宫的女性或过去 5 年放置过释放左炔诺孕酮的的宫内节育器，有中至重度潮热，伴或不伴性欲减退
仅有泌尿生殖道萎缩
单纯性欲减退
仅压力性尿失禁
撰稿人
作者
Heather Currie, MB BS, FRCOG, DRCOG, MRCGP
Clinical Director Women and Sexual Health
NHS Dumfries and Galloway
Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary
Scotland
UK
利益声明
HC declares that she has received sponsorship, educational grants, speaker fees, funding for attendance at meetings, and advisory board fees from several pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical companies, which supports the running and development of Menopause Matters Ltd.
Haitham Hamoda, MBChB, MD, FRCO
Consultant Gynaecologist
Clinical Lead for Menopause Service
King's College Hospital NHS Trust
London
UK
利益声明
HH declares that he has acted in an advisory capacity for Bayer. HH received a research grant to support a clinical trial and support to attend academic conferences from Besins.
Bradford W. Fenton, MD, PhD, FACOG
Independence Park Medical Services
Anchorage
AK
利益声明
BWF is a consultant for Advance Medical and Kevin Trangle Associates and is on the Speakers Bureau for Abbvie.
鸣谢
Dr Heather Currie, Dr Haitham Hamoda, and Dr Bradford W. Fenton would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Rebekah Wang-Cheng, a previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
RWC declares that she has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Nan Gillespie O’Connell, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond
VA
利益声明
NGOC declares that she has no competing interests.
Carolyn Simpkins, MD, PhD
Internist
Daniel Island
SC
利益声明
CS declares that she has no competing interests.
Edward Morris, MD
Consultant
Honorary Senior Lecturer and Clinical Director
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
Norwich
UK
利益声明
EM declares that he has no competing interests.
Michelle Warren, MD
Professor of Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Columbia University in New York Medical Center
New York
NY
利益声明
MW has received research funding from Ferring and Pfizer Wyeth; has acted as an advisory board consultant for Pfizer Wyeth, QuatRx, and Yoplait; and is on the speakers' bureau of Amgen, Upsher Smith, and Warner Chilcott. MW is also an author of a reference cited in this topic.
鉴别诊断
- 妊娠
- 多囊卵巢综合征
- 甲状腺功能亢进
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 绝经：诊断和管理
- 绝经：护士、助产士和健康访问员指南
更多 指南患者教育信息
Menopause: should I take HRT?
Menopause: what is it?
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