小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 发热 (≥37.5 ℃)
- 流感样症状
- 感觉异常
- 感觉过敏
- 重度持续性头痛
- 头晕
- 眼痛
- 步态障碍
- 共济失调
- 复视
- 激越
- 假性脑膜炎
- 肌无力（麻痹）
- 顽固性呃逆
- 呼吸困难
- 上行性或急性弛缓性麻痹
- 水疱性病变
其他诊断因素
- 恶心/呕吐
- 结膜炎
- 皮疹
- 淋巴结炎
- 淋巴管炎
- 腹痛
危险因素
- 职业暴露
- 前往散养猕猴的国家/地区旅游
- 将猕猴作为宠物饲养
- 暴露于与猕猴一起饲养的非猕猴物种
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 血清学
- 多聚酶链反应 (PCR)
需考虑的检查
- 病毒培养
- 脑部 MRI
- 头颅 CT
- 脑脊液检测
- 脑电图 (EEG)
- 脑干听觉诱发电位
- 躯体感觉诱发电位
- 动物样本的实验室检测
治疗流程
潜在暴露
确诊感染和/或有症状
撰稿人
作者
D. Scott Schmid, PhD
Leader
Herpesvirus Team
MMRHLB/DVD/NCIRD
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta
GA
利益声明
DSS declares that he has no competing interests. The views included in this topic are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the National Institutes of Health.
Jeffrey I. Cohen, MD
Chief, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases
Chief, Medical Virology Section
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda
MD
利益声明
JIC is the author of a reference cited in this monograph. The views included in this topic are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the National Institutes of Health.
鸣谢
Dr D. Scott Schmid and Dr Jeffrey I. Cohen would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Louisa E. Chapman, a previous contributor to this topic, and Dr Julia K. Hilliard for her contributions to this topic. Unfortunately, we have been made aware that Dr Louisa E. Chapman is now deceased.
利益声明
JKH and LEC are the authors of several references cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Anna Maria Geretti, MD, PhD, FRCPath
Professor of Virology and Infectious Diseases
University of Liverpool
Liverpool
UK
利益声明
AMG declares that she has no competing interests.
Deanna Saylor, MD, MHS
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
利益声明
DS has received research funding from the National Institutes of Health, the World Federation of Neurology, and the Johns Hopkins Center for AIDS Research.
鉴别诊断
- 单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎
- 带状疱疹性脑炎
- 西尼罗河病毒
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