法定报告疾病。尚无证据表明该病存在人际间传播；但仍应实施标准预防措施。
大部分患者无症状；然而，有些患者可能有轻度自限性疾病，伴有发热和肝脏异常。大约 8%-10% 的患者可能出现严重症状，包括眼病、脑炎或出血热。
支持性治疗是标准治疗，因为没有特异性抗病毒治疗。
由裂谷热病毒（又被称为 RVFV）引起的感染，表现为轻度且通常为自限性。该病毒属于布尼亚病毒科（白蛉病毒属）。该病毒以肯尼亚的东非大裂谷命名，20 世纪 10 年代初首次在东非大裂谷的牲畜中发现它。[1]Murithi RM, Munyua P, Ithondeka PM, et al. Rift Valley fever in Kenya: history of epizootics and identification of vulnerable districts. Epidemiol Infect. 2011 Mar;139(3):372-80.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20478084?tool=bestpractice.com
[2]Daubney R, Hudson JR, Garnham PC. Enzootic hepatitis or Rift Valley fever. An undescribed virus disease of sheep, cattle and man from east Africa.1931;34(4):545-579.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/path.1700340418/abstract
它通过接触血液、其他体液（例如羊水）、器官或者饮用受感染牲畜或野生动物（最常见的是牛、羊、山羊或骆驼）的生奶传播给人类。[3]Pepin M, Bouloy M, Bird BH, et al. Rift Valley fever virus (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus): an update on pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, vectors, diagnostics and prevention. Vet Res. 2010;41:61.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896810/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21188836?tool=bestpractice.com
传播还可通过蚊媒进行，包括伊蚊属和库蚊属。[4]Tantely ML, Rakotoniaina JC, Tata E, et al. Biology of mosquitoes that are potential vectors of Rift Valley fever virus in different biotopes of the central highlands of Madagascar. J Med Entomol. 2013;50:603-610.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23802456?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]LaBeaud AD, Ochiai Y, Peters CJ, et al. Spectrum of Rift Valley fever virus transmission in Kenya: insights from three distinct regions. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 May;76(5):795-800.
http://www.ajtmh.org/docserver/fulltext/14761645/76/5/0760795.pdf?expires=1510772935&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=BF69482272A0CDDD3AB191EC9641AF60
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17488893?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Golnar AJ, Turell MJ, LaBeaud AD, et al. Predicting the mosquito species and vertebrate species involved in the theoretical transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in the United States. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Sep 11;8(9):e3163.
http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003163
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25211133?tool=bestpractice.com
该病毒可导致流产和小家畜死亡（最常见的是绵羊、山羊和牛）暴发。该病毒在人类中的暴发经常与动物暴发有关（家畜流行病暴发）。[6]Golnar AJ, Turell MJ, LaBeaud AD, et al. Predicting the mosquito species and vertebrate species involved in the theoretical transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in the United States. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Sep 11;8(9):e3163.
http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003163
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25211133?tool=bestpractice.com