小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 意想不到的发作
- 忧虑和担忧
- 回避行为
- 心动过速
- 精神障碍初级医疗保健（PRIME-MD）中的惊恐筛查为阳性
- 惊恐障碍严重程度量表 (Panic Disorder Severity Scale, PDSS)
- GAD-7的划界分≥10
其他诊断因素
- 心悸，胸痛和胸部不适
- 恶心和腹痛
- 头晕
- 知觉异常
- 呼吸道症状
- 依靠安全线索
- 感觉异常
- 肌肉颤抖
- 出汗
- 昏厥
- 发冷或潮热
危险因素
- 一级亲属中有病史
- 年龄 18-39 岁
- 女性
- 白人和美洲原住民种族
- 重大生活事件
- 共病障碍
- 心理因素
- 哮喘和呼吸变异性
- 吸烟
- 咖啡因的使用
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 临床评估
需考虑的检查
- 心电图 (ECG)
- 血糖
- 甲状腺功能检测
- 生化检查
- 毒理学筛查
治疗流程
急性惊恐发作
惊恐障碍
惊恐发作不符合惊恐障碍
撰稿人
作者
Craig N. Sawchuk, PhD
Professor
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
利益声明
CNS declares that he has no competing interests.
Jason P. Veitengruber, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle
WA
利益声明
JPV declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Tanveer A. Padder, MD
Chairman
Department of Psychiatry
Trinity School of Medicine
Warner Robins
GA
利益声明
TAP declares that he has no competing interests.
Paul Blenkiron, BM BCh, MA
Consultant Psychiatrist
Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Bootham Park Hospital
York
UK
利益声明
PB declares that he has no competing interests.
Philip J. Cowen, MD, FRCPsych, FMedSci
Professor of Psychopharmacology
Warneford Hospital
Oxford
UK
利益声明
PJC declares that he has no competing interests.
Toshiaki A. Furukawa, MD, PhD
Professor and Chair
Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine
Graduate School of Medical Sciences
Nagoya City University
Nagoya
Japan
利益声明
TAF has received research funds and speaking fees from Astellas, Dai-Nippon, Sumitomo, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Meiji, Otsuka, Schering-Plough, and Yoshitomi. He was on a research advisory board for Meiji and Mochida, and is currently on research advisory boards for Sekisui chemicals and Takeda Science Foundation. He has received royalties from Igaku-Shion and Seiwa-Shoten Publishers. The Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology and the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare have also funded his research.
鉴别诊断
- 广场恐怖症
- 特定恐惧症
- 社会焦虑障碍
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 精神障碍诊断与统计手册第 5 版文本修订版（DSM-5-TR）
- 成人广泛性焦虑障碍和惊恐障碍：管理
更多 指南患者教育信息
惊恐发作：是什么？
惊恐发作：如何有效治疗？
更多 患者教育信息
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