小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 近期肝素暴露史
- HIT 史
- 非环境和药物因素导致血小板减少
- 近期手术或外伤史
- 近期发生动静脉血栓栓塞事件(例如:肺栓塞、深静脉血栓、脑卒中、心肌梗死)
- 肝素注射部位坏死
其他诊断因素
- 无出血
- 肾上腺出血性坏死征象
- 急性全身反应
- 静脉肢体坏疽迹象
危险因素
- 近期肝素接触(过去100天内)
- 近期骨科和心血管手术
- 女性
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 全血细胞计数(FBC)
需考虑的检查
- 瓦尔肯廷(4Ts)概率量表
- 肝素诱导性血小板减少症抗原检测
- HIT 功能性检测
- 凝血功能检查
- 静脉多普勒超声
- 计算机断层扫描肺血管造影(CTPA)
- 通气-灌注扫描(V/Q 扫描)
- 计算机体层成像脑静脉造影
- 磁共振静脉成像(头部)
治疗流程
疑似 HIT 且 4Ts 评分 ≥4 的患者,或 HIT 确诊患者
4Ts分数≤3分的疑似肝素诱导性血小板减少症
血小板恢复
撰稿人
作者
Lori-Ann Linkins, MD, MSc(Clin Epi), FRCPC
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
McMaster University
Thrombosis Consultant
Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre
Hamilton
Ontario
Canada
利益声明
LL is an author of several references cited in this topic. LL has received consulting fees from Janssen for data adjudication for a clinical trial. Janssen distributes rivaroxaban, which is mentioned as a treatment option for HIT.
同行评议者
Jeffrey S. Wasser, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine
Acting Associate Chair of the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology
University of Connecticut School of Medicine
Farmington
CT
利益声明
JSW declares that he has no competing interests.
Henry Watson, MD, FRCP, FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary
Foresterhill Health Campus
Aberdeen
UK
利益声明
HW declares that he has no competing interests.
Simon Davidson, MPhil
Clinical Scientist
Royal Brompton Hospital
Honorary Clinical Lecturer
Imperial College London
London
UK
利益声明
SD is a consultant for Mitsubishi Pharma, the manufacturer of argatroban.
鉴别诊断
- 术后状态
- 血栓性血小板减少性紫癜
- 药物诱导性血小板减少性紫癜
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 静脉血栓栓塞管理指南:肝素诱导的血小板减少症
- 肝素诱导的血小板减少症(HIT)的诊断和管理
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