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广泛性焦虑障碍

最后审阅: 11 Nov 2024
最后更新: 24 Aug 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 过分担心,持续至少6个月
  • 不完全符合另一种精神障碍的焦虑
  • 焦虑不是有因使用药物或物质滥用所致
  • 肌肉紧张
  • 睡眠障碍
  • 疲劳
  • 多动
  • 易怒
  • 注意力不集中
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 头痛
  • 出汗
  • 头晕
  • 胃肠道症状
  • 肌肉疼痛
  • 心率加快
  • 呼吸短促
  • 发抖
  • 过度的惊吓反应
  • 胸痛
完整详情

危险因素

  • 焦虑家族史
  • 躯体或精神压力
  • 躯体、性或情感创伤史
  • 其他类型焦虑障碍
  • 慢性躯体疾病
  • 女性
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 临床诊断
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 甲状腺功能检测
  • 尿液药物筛查
  • 24 小时尿液儿茶酚胺、甲氧基肾上腺素、甲氧基去甲肾上腺素和肌酐检测
  • 肺功能检查 (PFT)
  • 心电图 (ECG)
完整详情

治疗流程

持续性治疗

焦虑症状符合 DSM-5-TR 标准

焦虑症状不符合 DSM-5-TR 标准

撰稿人

作者

Philip John Cowen, MD, FRCPsych, FMedSci

Professor of Psychopharmacology

Department of Psychiatry

University of Oxford

Oxford

UK

利益声明

PJC has acted as an expert witness in medico-legal cases involving anxiety and depressive disorders and their treatment. He is a member of the British Association for Psychopharmacology.

鸣谢

Professor Philip John Cowen would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Christopher Gale, Dr Richard P. Swinson, Dr Elizabeth Hoge, and Dr Phebe Tucker, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

CG is an author of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guideline on social phobia, panic disorder, and generalised anxiety disorder. Otago University has commercial and research relationships with multiple pharmaceutical companies. He is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. RPS has personally received royalties for articles published in UpToDate (Wolters Kluwer) and the Compendium of Therapeutic Choices, 2nd edition (Canadian Pharmacists Association). EH is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. PT has conducted research for GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Astra-Zeneca, Cephalon, Inc., and Ortho-McNeil. She has also consulted for Forest Pharmaceuticals and received honoraria from Pfizer, Inc. and Forest Pharmaceuticals.

同行评议者

Lori Davis, MD

Research Director

University of Alabama

School of Medicine Tuscaloosa Campus

College of Community Health Sciences

Tuscaloosa

AL

利益声明

LD declares that she has no competing interests.

Arianna Di Florio, MD, PhD

Senior Clinical Lecturer

Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences

Cardiff University

United Kingdom

利益声明

ADF declares that she has no competing interests.

Elaine Lockhart, MD, BCH, BAO

Consultant in Paediatric Liaison Psychiatry

Royal Hospital for Children

Glasgow

United Kingdom

利益声明

EL declares that she has no competing interests.

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