When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

肛门癌

最后审阅: 12 Nov 2024
最后更新: 07 Sep 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 直肠出血
  • 直肠痛
  • 直肠肿块
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 肛门分泌物
  • 肛门瘙痒
  • 大便失禁
  • 肛瘘
  • 溃疡未愈
  • 腹股沟淋巴结肿块
  • 远处转移的征象
完整详情

危险因素

  • HPV
  • HIV
  • 免疫抑制
  • 肛交的被动方
  • 多名性伴侣
  • 自身免疫性疾病
  • 吸烟
  • 直肠上皮内瘤变
  • 肛瘘
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 肛门镜检查
  • 肿瘤活检
  • 骨盆 MRI 扫描
  • 盆腔 CT 扫描
  • 腹部和胸部 CT 扫描
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • PET 扫描
  • 腹股沟淋巴结穿刺活检
  • 血清 HIV 酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA)
  • 宫颈癌筛查
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

局部区域性疾病

远端转移性疾病

撰稿人

作者

Bruce D. Minsky, MD

Professor and Frank T. McGraw Endowed Chair

Radiation Oncology

MD Anderson Cancer Center

Houston

TX

利益声明

BDM declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Brian Czito, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Radiation Oncology

Duke University Medical Center

Durham

NC

利益声明

BC declares that he has no competing interests.

Lisa Kachnic, MD

Chief and Associate Professor

Department of Radiation Oncology

Boston University Medical Center

Boston

MA

利益声明

LK has received funding from the US Department of Defense to perform research on non-anal cancers. LK is the author of a study referenced in this topic.

Sue Clark, MD

Consultant Colorectal Surgeon

Assistant Director

The Polyposis Registry

St Mark's Hospital

Harrow

UK

利益声明

SC declares that she has no competing interests.

内容使用需遵循免责声明