小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 腹泻
其他诊断因素
- 腹痛
- 呕吐
- 食欲不振
- 低热
- 体重减轻
- 右上象限 腹痛
- 黄疸
- 鼻腔分泌物和面部疼痛
- 咳嗽和呼吸困难
危险因素
- 接触农场动物，尤其是小牛和羔羊
- 国际旅行
- 年龄：3 岁或 3 岁以下
- 免疫缺陷：T 细胞介导
- 游泳和水上休闲运动
- 饮用未经过滤的水
- 帮助幼儿如厕或更换尿布
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 粪便显微镜检查
- 隐孢子虫抗原检测
需考虑的检查
- 胆道超声扫描检查
- 胆管 CT 扫描检查
- 经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术 (ERCP)
- 针对隐孢子虫 DNA 的聚合酶链反应
- 用于识别隐孢子虫种属的聚合酶链反应
治疗流程
免疫功能正常
免疫功能低下
撰稿人
作者
Rachel M. Chalmers, BSc, PhD
Consultant Clinical Scientist/Honorary Professor
Director of UK Cryptosporidium Reference Unit
Public Health Wales Microbiology
Singleton Hospital
Swansea
UK
利益声明
RMC is a member of the following boards: WHO Water Quality and Health Technical Advisory Group; the UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Bacteriology Working Group; Public Health England Water Advisory Group and Gastro-Intestinal Leads Group; Wales Microbiology Standing Specialist Advisory Group. RMC has received grant funding from EU FP7 project 'Aquavalens' and EFSA partnering grant project IMPACT and has undertaken contract research from UK Water Industry Research. RMC has received payments for lectures and reimbursement for conference travel and subsistence. RMC is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Angharad P. Davies, MA, MBBCh, MRCP, FRCPath, PhD
Clinical Associate Professor
College of Medicine
Swansea University
Swansea
UK
利益声明
APD is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Beth Kirkpatrick, MD
Assistant Professor
Infectious Diseases
University of Vermont College of Medicine
Burlington
VT
利益声明
BK declares that she has no competing interests.
Yann Meunier, MD
Director
Stanford Health Promotion Network
Stanford School of Medicine
Palo Alto
CA
利益声明
YM declares that he has no competing interests.
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