最后审阅： 5 十一月 2021
最后更新： 22 九月 2020
小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Iain J.D. McCallum, PhD, FRCS
Consultant Surgeon
Department of General Surgery
Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
UK
利益声明
IJDM is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
鸣谢
Mr Iain J.D. McCallum would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Seamus Kelly, a previous contributor to this topic. SK declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Maher A. Abbas, MD, FACS, FASCRS
Assistant Clinical Professor of Surgery
UCLA
Chief of Colon and Rectal Surgery Chair
Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery Kaiser Permanente
Los Angeles
CA
利益声明
MAA declares that he has no competing interests.
Angus J.M. Watson, FRCS (Ed)
Consultant Colorectal Surgeon
Clinical Manager of General Surgery and ETC
Department of Surgery
Manchester Royal Infirmary
Manchester
UK
利益声明
AJMW is an author of a reference cited in this monograph.
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