小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 无痛性阴囊肿物
- 左侧征/症状
- 小睾丸
其他诊断因素
- 不育症
- 年龄超过12岁
- 阴囊或腹股沟疼痛
危险因素
- 人体测量参数（高/低体重指数）
- 精索静脉曲张家族史
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 临床诊断
需考虑的检查
- 阴囊的彩色多普勒超声血流成像
- 精液分析
- 血清卵泡刺激素（± 促性腺激素释放激素刺激 ）
- 血清睾酮
- DNA碎片化指数（DFI）
- 腹部/盆腔 CT
- 腹部/骨盆 MRI
- 腹膜后超声检查
治疗流程
青少年
成人
撰稿人
作者
Jay Ira Sandlow, MD
Professor and Vice-Chair
Department of Urology
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee
WI
利益声明
JIS declares that he has no competing interests.
Jagan K. Kansal, MD, MBA
Fellow in Male Reproductive and Sexual Health
Department of Urology
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee
WI
利益声明
JKK declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Jay Ira Sandlow and Dr Jagan K. Kansal would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Pravin Rao, Dr Miguel Pineda, Dr John C. Thomas, and Dr Wayne Kuang, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
PR, MP, JCT, and WK declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Siam Oottamasathien, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Pediatric Urology
University of Utah
Primary Children's Medical Center
Salt Lake City
UT
利益声明
SO declares that she has no competing interests.
Jeffrey Donohoe, MD
Assistant Professor
Pediatric Urology
Medical College of Georgia
Augusta
GA
利益声明
JD declares that he has no competing interests.
Daniel H. Williams, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Urology
Head
Section of Male Infertility and Andrology
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Madison
WI
利益声明
DHW declares that he has no competing interests.
Edmund Sabanegh, Jr, MD
Director
Center for Male Fertility
Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute
Cleveland
OH
利益声明
ES declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 睾丸旁肿物
- 精索鞘膜积液
- 腹股沟疝
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- 男性不育的诊断和治疗：AUA/ASRM 指南第 Ⅰ 部分
- 男性不育的诊断和治疗：AUA/ASRM 指南第 Ⅱ 部分
更多 指南患者教育信息
生育能力问题：部分原因
能育性问题：如何有效治疗？
更多 患者教育信息
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