小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 体重指数 (BMI)≥第 95 百分位数
- 体重≥身高对应体重的第95百分位
其他诊断因素
- 腰臀比增加
- 高血压
危险因素
- 肥胖父母
- 婴儿期体重快速升高
- 童年期早期体重升高
- 非西班牙裔黑人或西班牙人
- 社会经济状况差
- 久坐不动的生活方式
- 宫内生长受限
- 孕妇妊娠期糖尿病
- 高能量食物、快餐和高糖饮料多的饮食
- 面对显示屏时间每天超过 2-3 小时
- 睡眠减少
- 暴露于皮质类固醇、抗生素或抑酸药物
- 城市环境
- 母亲妊娠期吸烟
- 母亲食用超加工食品
诊断性检查
需考虑的检查
- 空腹血糖
- 血清脂质
- 肝功能检查
新兴检查
- DEXA
- 生物电阻抗分析
- 腹部 CT 或 MRI
治疗流程
体重指数（body mass index, BMI）≥第 85 到第 94 百分位数（超重）
体重指数（body mass index, BMI）≥第 95 百分位数（肥胖）或 BMI ≥第 95 百分位数的 120%（重度肥胖）
撰稿人
作者
Dianne Deplewski, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology
Program Director
Pediatric Endocrinology Fellowship Program
University of Chicago
Chicago
IL
利益声明
DD declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
We would like to acknowledge our Paediatric expert panel member, Dr Michael Cabana, for his contribution to this topic. MDC declares that he has served as a consultant and editor for McGraw Hill and Elsevier.
同行评议者
Eric M. Bomberg, MD, MAS
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Associate Director for Research Informatics, Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine
Division of Endocrinology and Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine
University of Minnesota Medical School
Minneapolis
MN
利益声明
EMB declares that he has been a site principal investigator and site co-investigator for Novo Nordisk. EMB's research program is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
Steven S. Rothenberg, MD
Chief of Pediatric Surgery
The Mother and Child Hospital
Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery
University of Colorado
Denver
CO
利益声明
SSR declares that he has no competing interests.
Seema Kumar, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
利益声明
SK declares that she has no competing interests.
Peter Bundred, MBBS, MD
Honorary Research Fellow
Department of Health Services Research
Institute of Psychology, Health and Society
University of Liverpool
Liverpool
UK
利益声明
PB declares that he has no competing interests.
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