最后审阅： 29 六月 2021
最后更新： 31 十二月 2019
小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Rudolph J. Schrot, MD, MAS, FAANS
Neurosurgeon
Sutter Medical Group
Sacramento
CA
利益声明
RJS declares that he has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Birender Balain, MBBS, FRCS, FRCS (Tr and Orth)
Specialist Registrar
Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic and District Hospital
Oswestry
UK
利益声明
BB is the author of some studies referenced in this topic.
Stephen Esses, MD
Professor of Orthopedics
Brodsky Chair of Spinal Surgery
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston
TX
利益声明
SE is the author of a study referenced in this topic.
内容使用需遵循免责声明