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异物摄入

最后审阅: 23 Jun 2024
最后更新: 14 Feb 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 吞咽困难
  • 非特异性腹痛
  • 喘鸣和哮鸣
  • 流涎
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 噎食、恶心/呕吐、颈痛/咽痛
  • 非典型性胸痛或非心源性胸痛
  • 窒息
  • 下消化道出血
  • 吞咽疼痛
  • 发热、饮食不佳、生长迟缓和易激惹(儿童)。
  • 急性或慢性哮喘样症状或复发性肺炎
  • 出现脓毒症体征
  • 急性药物中毒体征
完整详情

危险因素

  • 年龄 <15 岁
  • 男性(成人)
  • 消化道狭窄
  • 药物依赖
  • 智力残疾
  • 精神疾病
  • 囚犯或从事犯罪活动的人员
  • 口腔疾病
  • 匆忙进食
  • 咽反射损伤
  • 基础食管疾病、接受过手术或诊疗操作的病史
  • 癫痫
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 颈部、胸部和腹部 X 光检查
  • 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
  • 基础代谢检查
  • 凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time, PT)/INR、PTT
  • 手持金属探测仪
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • 心脏生物标志物和 ECG
  • 颈部、胸部和/或腹部 CT
  • 核磁共振成像 (MRI)
  • 喉镜检查
  • 内镜检查
完整详情

治疗流程

初步治疗

病情不稳定的患者

急症处理

病情稳定的患者:口咽异物

病情稳定的患者:食管或直肠异物(多块磁铁和电池除外)

病情稳定的患者:食管或直肠异物 - 多块磁铁

病情稳定的患者:食管或直肠异物 - 电池

病情稳定的患者:异物位于胃部、近端小肠或超出内窥镜探查范围(不包括异物是多块磁体或电池的情况)

病情稳定的患者:异物位于胃部、近端小肠或超出内窥镜探查范围(异物是多块磁体)

病情稳定的患者:异物位于胃部、近端小肠或超出内窥镜探查范围(异物是电池)

撰稿人

作者

Brian M. Fung, MD

Gastroenterology Fellow

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Department of Internal Medicine

University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix

Phoenix

AZ

利益声明

BMF is the author of one reference cited in this topic.

James H. Tabibian, MD, PhD

Director of Endoscopy

Division of Gastroenterology

Department of Medicine

Olive View - UCLA Medical Center

Sylmar

Health Sciences Clinical Professor

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Los Angeles

CA

利益声明

JHT consults for Alpha lnsights, Atheneum, DeciBio, GLG, Guidepoint, Horizon, Ipsen, Olympus, and Techspert.

鸣谢

Dr Brian M. Fung and Dr James H. Tabibian would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Andrew C. Meltzer, Dr Juan Carlos Munoz, and Professor Luis F. Laos, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

ACM, JCM, and LFL declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Prakash Adhikari, MBBS, MS

Consultant

Ganesh Man Singh Memorial Academy of ENT and Head and Neck Studies

TU Teaching Hospital

Maharajgunj

Kathmandu

Nepal

利益声明

PA declares that he has no competing interests.

Jose Fernando Aycinena, MD

General Surgery Chief Resident

Department of General Surgery

University of Tennessee Medical Center

Knoxville

TN

利益声明

JFA declares that he has no competing interests.

Richard V. Schaller, Jr, MD

Clinical Research Fellow

Cleveland Clinic Florida

Weston

FL

利益声明

RVS declares that he has no competing interests.

David J. Hackam, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Pediatric Surgery

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Pittsburgh

PA

利益声明

DJH declares that he has no competing interests.

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