小结
定义
病史和体格检查
诊断性检查
治疗流程
撰稿人
作者
Andrew C. Meltzer, MD, MS
Associate Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine
GW School of Medicine & Health Sciences
Center for Healthcare Innovation and Policy Research
Washington
DC
利益声明
ACM declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr Andrew C. Meltzer would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Juan Carlos Munoz and Professor Luis F. Laos, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
JCM and LFL declare that they have no competing interests.
同行评议者
Prakash Adhikari, MBBS, MS
Consultant
Ganesh Man Singh Memorial Academy of ENT and Head and Neck Studies
TU Teaching Hospital
Maharajgunj
Kathmandu
Nepal
利益声明
PA declares that he has no competing interests.
Jose Fernando Aycinena, MD
General Surgery Chief Resident
Department of General Surgery
University of Tennessee Medical Center
Knoxville
TN
利益声明
JFA declares that he has no competing interests.
Richard V. Schaller, Jr, MD
Clinical Research Fellow
Cleveland Clinic Florida
Weston
FL
利益声明
RVS declares that he has no competing interests.
David J. Hackam, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatric Surgery
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh
PA
利益声明
DJH declares that he has no competing interests.
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