小结
定义
腘窝囊肿（也称为 Baker 囊肿）是由膝关节外关节滑液积聚形成，位于膝后半膜肌和内侧腓肠肌之间的间隙。出现这种情况是由于滑膜内压力增大，导致滑膜囊在缺少外部解剖支撑的区域隆起。[1] 关节炎和半月板断裂最常导致关节积液。[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 腘窝囊肿由 BMJ 出版集团提供 [Citation ends].
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 腘窝隆起
- 膝关节疼痛
- 腿肿胀
- 小腿触痛
其他诊断因素
- 小腿瘀癍
- Lyme病
危险因素
- 膝关节外伤
- 潜在膝关节炎或滑膜炎
- 潜在膝关节感染
- 年龄增长
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 腿部双功超声检查
需考虑的检查
- 腿部 MRI 扫描
- 腿部 CT 扫描
治疗流程
无症状
有症状：初始治疗
有症状：初始保守治疗后仍不缓解
撰稿人
作者
John D. Kelly IV, MD
Professor of Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery
Director of Sports Shoulder Service
Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
PA
利益声明
JK declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr John D. Kelly IV would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Antonios P. Gasparis and Dr Nicos Labropoulos, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
APG declares that he has no competing interests. NL is the author of multiple references cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Brian Sabb, DO
Clinical Lecturer II
Orthopedic Radiologist
Department of Radiology
University of Michigan Medical Center
Ann Arbor
MI
利益声明
BS declares that he has no competing interests.
Hill Gaston, MA, PhD, BM BCh, FRCP, FMedSci
Professor of Rheumatology
University of Cambridge
Clinical Director
West Anglia CLRN
Cambridge
UK
利益声明
HG declares that he has no competing interests.
Richard Wakefield, BM, MRCP, MD
Senior Lecturer in Rheumatology
Academic Section of Musculoskeletal Disease
Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine
Chapel Allerton Hospital
Leeds
UK
利益声明
RW declares that he has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 深静脉血栓形成（DVT）
- 腘窝血肿
- 腘肌撕裂
更多 鉴别诊断
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