小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- 存在的危险因素
- 腮腺炎
- 缺失、没有接种或可能失败的(初次或二次接种)接种史
其他诊断因素
- 全身性症状
- 睾丸炎
- 卵巢炎
- 无菌性脑膜炎
- 乳腺炎
- 脑炎
- 耳聋
危险因素
- 未接种疫苗的状态
- 免疫抑制
- 医护人员
- 国际旅行者
- 密切的生活接触(大学生,囚犯,部队)
- 疫苗失败
诊断性检查
首要检查
- 流行性腮腺炎唾液IgM抗体
- RT-PCR
需考虑的检查
- 全血细胞计数 (FBC) 和分类计数
- 流行性腮腺炎血清IgM抗体
- 流行性腮腺炎血清IgG抗体
- 血清淀粉酶
- 病毒培养(脑脊液、唾液或尿液)
- 腰椎穿刺:
- 头颅 CT
治疗流程
所有患者
撰稿人
作者
David Elliman, MB BS, FRCPCH, FRCP, FFPH, DCH, BA (Open)
Consultant in Community Child Health
Great Ormond Street Hospital
London
UK
利益声明
DE is involved in expert legal work where those with parental responsibility disagree as to whether a child should be immunised.
Helen Bedford, PhD, FFPH, FRCPCH
Professor of Children's Health
UCL Institute of Child Health
London
UK
利益声明
HB declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Dr David Elliman and Professor Helen Bedford would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Kristin Furfari, a previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
KF declares that she has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Ravi Ubriani, MD, FAAD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Dermatology
Columbia University
New York
NY
利益声明
RU declares that he has no competing interests.
Christopher D. Huston, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
University of Vermont College of Medicine
Burlington
VT
利益声明
CDH declares that he has no competing interests.
Kristine Macartney, MBBS, BMedSci, MD, FRACP
Deputy Director
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance
Postgraduate Fellow
Department Of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
The Children’s Hospital
Westmead
New South Wales
Australia
利益声明
KM declares that she has no competing interests.
鉴别诊断
- 副流感病毒
- 柯萨奇病毒
- 急性 HIV 感染
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