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自杀风险管理

最后审阅: 23 Oct 2024
最后更新: 08 Dec 2020

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 既往有自杀企图或自我伤害事件
  • 当前自杀计划
  • 获得致命方法的途径
  • 精神疾病病史,包括物质滥用/误用
  • 自杀或精神病家族史
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 慢性躯体疾病、残疾或毁容
  • 显著社会心理因素
  • 无用性特质
完整详情

危险因素

  • 当前自杀计划
  • 自我伤害
  • 精神病既往史,包括物质滥用
  • 致命方法的可用性
  • 童年期受虐待或忽视史
  • 自杀死亡家族史
  • 男性
  • 囚犯
  • 精神疾病家族史
  • 躯体疾病
  • 婚姻状况(离婚、单身、丧偶)
  • 行业/职业(失业者、个体经营者、农业劳动者、医疗和牙科专业人员)
  • 社会心理应激源
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 临床诊断
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

可能会进行自我伤害或自杀的患者

持续性治疗

自杀死亡者遗族

撰稿人

作者

Alys Cole-King, MB, BCh, DGM, MSc, FRCPsych

Consultant Liaison Psychiatrist

Liaison Team

Glan Clwyd Hospital

Betsi Cadwaladr Health Board

St Asaph

Wales

UK

利益声明

ACK is an employee and director of 4Mental Health and, in this capacity, has received funding for designing and delivering training. ACK is an author of references cited in this topic.

Angharad de Cates, BMBCh, BA Hons (Oxon), MSc (Warw), MRCPsych

Wellcome Trust Clinical Doctoral Fellow

Department of Psychiatry

University of Oxford

Warneford Hospital

Honorary Clinical Fellow

Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust

Oxford

UK 

利益声明

AdeC is in receipt of a clinical doctoral training fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (since October 2018) and a travel fellowship from the Royal College of Psychiatrists/Gatsby Foundation. All are external bodies that fund research into and/or release information that includes suicide prevention. 

鸣谢

Dr Alys Cole-King and Dr Angharad de Cates would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Stan Kutcher and Dr Magdalena Szumilas, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

SK has received research grants from various foundations and national granting agencies (none from either the pharmaceutical nor psychotherapy industries) to support some of his academic work. He is employed by a university and hospital, and sees patients who sometimes present with a suicide attempt. He has also co-authored a textbook on suicide risk assessment and management, published in 2007 and the second edition in 2012. MS is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

同行评议者

Stephen Platt, BA, MSc, PhD

Emeritus Professor of Health Policy Research

University of Edinburgh

Edinburgh

Scotland

UK

利益声明

SP is a paid consultant to Samaritans, NHS Health Scotland, the Scottish Government, and the Irish National Office of Suicide Prevention. He is an unpaid adviser to The Listening Place.

Steve Gilbert, BSc Sports & Materials Science

Patient Advocate

Sports & Materials Science

University of Birmingham

Birmingham

UK

利益声明

SG is the vice-chair of the Independent Mental Health Act Review; an associate trainer for suicide mitigation at Connecting with People; Programme Lead for the Engager Prison Project; trustee for the Council of Management for Mind and the Association of Mental Health Providers; Service User Representative for West Midlands Mental Health (STP) Alliance; occasional advisor to the National Suicide Prevention Alliance and Public Health England; and a member of the West Midlands Service User Representative Forum, Royal College of Psychiatrists West Midlands Executive Division. He receives a salary and/or travel and subsistence expenses for these roles.

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