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早产

最后审阅: 21 Oct 2024
最后更新: 31 May 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 宫缩
  • 未足月胎膜早破 (PPROM)
  • 宫颈进一步扩张
  • 宫颈长度<2cm
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • 母体或胎儿心率增快
  • 非特异性的下腹疼痛或背痛
  • 发热
  • 阴道出血
完整详情

危险因素

  • 早产史
  • 宫颈损伤史
  • 既往人工流产
  • 母体感染
  • 多胎妊娠
  • 宫颈长度缩短
  • 胎儿纤维连接蛋白检测阳性
  • 未足月胎膜早破 (PPROM)
  • 胎儿异常
  • 吸烟
  • 体重指数(BMI)<19kg/m^2
  • 社会因素与种族差异
  • 羊水过多
  • 家庭暴力
  • 口腔卫生不良
  • 晚期剖宫产
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 无应激的胎心监护图
  • 分娩力描记法
  • 经阴道超声宫颈长度测量
  • 宫颈-阴道拭子检测胎儿纤维连接蛋白
  • 全血细胞计数 (FBC)
  • C 反应蛋白 (CRP)
  • 尿试纸(试验)
  • 尿液镜检、培养及药敏试验
  • 阴道/直肠拭子
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需考虑的检查

  • 阴道流液的显微镜检
  • 胎儿的血液检测
  • 尿毒物学筛查
  • 胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白 1(IGFBP-1)检测
  • 胎盘α-1 微球蛋白 (PAMG-1)
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

先兆早产 (TPTL)

未足月胎膜早破 (PPROM)

无 PPROM 的即将分娩的高风险

撰稿人

作者

Andrew H. Shennan, MD, FRCOG

Professor of Obstetrics

King's College London

London

UK

利益声明

AHS has received a grant from Hologic to evaluate fetal fibronectin. AHS is an author of several references cited in this topic.

Joanna C. Girling, MA, MRCP, FRCOG

Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology

West Middlesex University Hospital

London

UK

利益声明

JCG declares that she has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Jo Trinder, MD

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist

St Michael's Maternity Wing

Bristol Royal Infirmary

Bristol

UK

利益声明

JT has accepted honoraria for speaking to groups of midwives and doctors about miscarriage management.

Kirsty Dundas, MBChB, DCH, FRCOG

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist

Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

Honorary Senior Lecturer

University of Edinburgh

Edinburgh

UK

利益声明

KD declares that she has no competing interests.

Deidre Lyell, MD

Assistant Professor of Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Stanford University

Stanford

CA

利益声明

DL declares that she has no competing interests.

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