Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- presence of risk factors
- acute onset of fever
- headache
- myalgia
- arthralgia
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- retro-orbital pain
- tachypnoea
- tachycardia
- chills
- altered mental status
- nausea/vomiting
- seizures
- gastrointestinal bleeding
- rhinorrhoea
- cough
- diarrhoea
- rash
- sore throat
- hemiparesis
- lethargy, drowsiness, or confusion
- paraesthesias
- ataxia/gait abnormalities
- behavioural abnormalities
- stupor, somnolence, or coma
- neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity)
- jaundice
- papilloedema
Factores de riesgo
- living and/or working in or near tropical forests in Central or South America
- fishing in or near tropical forests in Central or South America
- age <15 years
- occupational exposure (laboratory)
- bioterrorism
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT)
- viral isolation
- cerebrospinal fluid cell count, chemistries (glucose, protein), and viral isolation
- FBC (including haematocrit)
- LFTs
- chest x-ray
- head CT
- brain MRI
- rapid malaria antigen test or malaria smear
- electroencephalogram
Algoritmo de tratamiento
symptomatic patients
Colaboradores
Autores
Rachael Matthews, BSc, MBChB, MRCP
Neurology Specialist Registrar
Neurology department
Royal Preston Hospital
Preston
UK
Divulgaciones
RM declares that she has a pending grant application to the Guarantors of Brain “Entry” Clinical Fellowship for 2024. She has also co-authored a draft editorial manuscript with Professor Benedict Michael, pending submission to Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry.
Benedict D. Michael, MBChB, FRCP, PhD
Professor
MRC Clinician Scientist
Director - Infection Neuroscience Laboratory
Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology
Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science
University of Liverpool
Liverpool
UK
Divulgaciones
BDM declares has received payments from Moore Barlow for expert testimony, unrelated to this topic.
Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, MD, MSc, DTM&H, DipEd, FRSTM&H(Lon), FFTM RCPS(Glasg), FACE, FISAC, HonDSc.
Professor
Faculty of Medicine
Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas
Pereira
Colombia
Divulgaciones
AJRM declares that he has no competing interests.
Luís Ferreira, MD
Infectious Diseases Speciality Registrar
Department of Infectious Diseases
Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Santo António
Porto
Portugal
Divulgaciones
LF declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimientos
Rachael Matthews, Benedict D. Michael, Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, and Luís Ferreira would like to gratefully acknowledge Amy Vittor, the previous contributor to this topic.
Divulgaciones
AV is the author of a reference cited in this topic.
Revisores por pares
Miguel G. Madariaga, MD, MSc, FACP
Infectious Diseases Consultant
Naples Community Hospital
Naples
FL
Divulgaciones
MGM declares that he has no competing interests.
Stalin Vilcarromero, MD
Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins
ESSALUD
Lima
Peru
Divulgaciones
SV declares that he has no competing interests.
Referencias
Artículos principales
Steiner I, Budka H, Chaudhuri A, et al. Viral meningoencephalitis: a review of diagnostic methods and guidelines for management. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Aug;17(8):999-e57.Texto completo Resumen
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
Diferenciales
- Malaria infection
- Dengue fever
- Chikungunya virus
Más DiferencialesGuías de práctica clínica
- Consensus guidelines for the investigation and management of encephalitis in adults and children in Australia and New Zealand
- Management of suspected viral encephalitis in children
Más Guías de práctica clínicaInicie sesión o suscríbase para acceder a todo el BMJ Best Practice
El uso de este contenido está sujeto a nuestra cláusula de exención de responsabilidad