Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- попытка причинения себе вреда
- повторное применение анальгетиков, отпускающихся без рецепта, для облегчения боли
- бессимптомное проявление
- тошнота, рвота и боль в брюшной полости
- боль или напряжение мышц живота в правом верхнем квадранте
- желтуха
- спутанность сознания, пониженный уровень сознания и/или астериксис
Risk factors
- наличие в анамнезе причинения себе вреда
- наличие в анамнезе частого или повторного применения лекарственных средств для облегчения боли
- дефицит глутатиона
- препараты, которые индуцируют ферменты печени (индукторы цитохромов P450)
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- уровень парацетамола в сыворотке
- уровень АСТ и АЛТ в сыворотке крови
- pH артериальной крови и уровень лактата
- мочевина и электролиты или тесты на функции почек
- протромбиновое время сыворотки и МНО
Tests to consider
- уровень салицилата в сыворотке
- анализ мочи на наличие наркотических веществ
Treatment algorithm
острая единичная передозировка
ступенчатый прием парацетамола внутрь
повторное терапевтическое превышение дозы парацетамола: в случае признаков гепатотоксичности
повторное терапевтическое превышение дозы парацетамола: в случае отсутствия признаков гепатотоксичности
Contributors
Authors
Daniel K. Colby, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Medical Toxicology
Department of Emergency Medicine
UC Davis Health
CA
Disclosures
DKC declares that he has no competing interests.
Alastair Newton, MB ChB, FCEM
Consultant in Emergency Medicine
Emergency Department
The Prince Charles Hospital
Brisbane
Queensland
Australia
Disclosures
AN declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Professor Kennon Heard and Dr Alastair Newton would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Allan R. Mottram, a previous contributor to this topic. ARM declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Scott Phillips, MD
Clinical Faculty
Department of Toxicology
Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center
Denver
CO
Disclosures
SP declares that he has no competing interests.
Gerald F. O'Malley, DO
Director
Division of Research
Department of Emergency Medicine
Albert Einstein Medical Center
Philadelphia
PA
Disclosures
GFOM declares that he has no competing interests.
Sophie Gosselin, MD, FRCPC
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
McGill University
Emergency Physician and Medical Toxicologist
McGill University Health Centre
Medical Toxicologist
Centre Antipoison du Québec
Montreal
Quebec
Canada
Declarações
SG declares that she is an unpaid co-investigator in the Canadian Acetaminophen Overdose Study and unpaid co-chair of the Extracorporeal Treatment In Poisoning workgroup.
Créditos aos pareceristas
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Declarações
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Referências
Principais artigos
Manyike PT, Kharasch ED, Kalhorn TF, et al. Contribution of CYP2E1 and CYP3A to acetaminophen reactive metabolite formation. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Mar;67(3):275-82. Resumo
Rumack BH, Matthew H. Acetaminophen poisoning and toxicity. Pediatrics. 1975 Jun;55(6):871-6. Resumo
Flanagan RJ, Mant TG. Coma and metabolic acidosis early in severe acute paracetamol poisoning. Hum Toxicol. 1986 May;5(3):179-82. Resumo
Chiew AL, Gluud C, Brok J, et al. Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 23;(2):CD003328.Texto completo Resumo
Harrison PM, Keays R, Bray GP, et al. Improved outcome of paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure by late administration of acetylcysteine. Lancet. 1990 Jun 30;335(8705):1572-3. Resumo
Prescott LF, Illingworth RN, Critchley JA, et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine: the treatment of choice for paracetamol poisoning. Br Med J. 1979 Nov 3;2(6198):1097-100.Texto completo Resumo
Smilkstein MJ, Knapp GL, Kulig KW, et al. Efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose: analysis of the national multicenter study (1976 to 1985). N Engl J Med. 1988 Dec 15;319(24):1557-62. Resumo
Keays P, Harrison PM, Wendon JA, et al. Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective controlled trial. BMJ. 1991 Oct 26;303(6809):1026-9.Texto completo Resumo
O'Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hayllar KM, et al. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology. 1989 Aug;97(2):439-45. Resumo
Schmidt LE, Knudsen TT, Dalhoff K, et al. Effect of acetylcysteine on prothrombin index in paracetamol poisoning without hepatocellular injury. Lancet. 2002 Oct 12;360(9340):1151-2. Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
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