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Передозировка парацетамола

Last reviewed: 1 Dec 2025
Last updated: 18 Jun 2020

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • попытка причинения себе вреда
  • повторное применение анальгетиков, отпускающихся без рецепта, для облегчения боли
  • бессимптомное проявление
  • тошнота, рвота и боль в брюшной полости
  • боль или напряжение мышц живота в правом верхнем квадранте
  • желтуха
  • спутанность сознания, пониженный уровень сознания и/или астериксис
Full details

Risk factors

  • наличие в анамнезе причинения себе вреда
  • наличие в анамнезе частого или повторного применения лекарственных средств для облегчения боли
  • дефицит глутатиона
  • препараты, которые индуцируют ферменты печени (индукторы цитохромов P450)
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • уровень парацетамола в сыворотке
  • уровень АСТ и АЛТ в сыворотке крови
  • pH артериальной крови и уровень лактата
  • мочевина и электролиты или тесты на функции почек
  • протромбиновое время сыворотки и МНО
Full details

Tests to consider

  • уровень салицилата в сыворотке
  • анализ мочи на наличие наркотических веществ
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

острая единичная передозировка

ступенчатый прием парацетамола внутрь

повторное терапевтическое превышение дозы парацетамола: в случае признаков гепатотоксичности

повторное терапевтическое превышение дозы парацетамола: в случае отсутствия признаков гепатотоксичности

Contributors

Authors

Daniel K. Colby, MD

Assistant Professor

Division of Medical Toxicology

Department of Emergency Medicine

UC Davis Health

CA

Disclosures

DKC declares that he has no competing interests.

Alastair Newton, MB ChB, FCEM

Consultant in Emergency Medicine

Emergency Department

The Prince Charles Hospital

Brisbane

Queensland

Australia

Disclosures

AN declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Professor Kennon Heard and Dr Alastair Newton would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Allan R. Mottram, a previous contributor to this topic. ARM declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Scott Phillips, MD

Clinical Faculty

Department of Toxicology

Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center

Denver

CO

Disclosures

SP declares that he has no competing interests.

Gerald F. O'Malley, DO

Director

Division of Research

Department of Emergency Medicine

Albert Einstein Medical Center

Philadelphia

PA

Disclosures

GFOM declares that he has no competing interests.

Sophie Gosselin, MD, FRCPC

Associate Professor

Department of Medicine

McGill University

Emergency Physician and Medical Toxicologist

McGill University Health Centre

Medical Toxicologist

Centre Antipoison du Québec

Montreal

Quebec

Canada

Declarações

SG declares that she is an unpaid co-investigator in the Canadian Acetaminophen Overdose Study and unpaid co-chair of the Extracorporeal Treatment In Poisoning workgroup.

Créditos aos pareceristas

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Referências

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Principais artigos

Manyike PT, Kharasch ED, Kalhorn TF, et al. Contribution of CYP2E1 and CYP3A to acetaminophen reactive metabolite formation. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Mar;67(3):275-82. Resumo

Rumack BH, Matthew H. Acetaminophen poisoning and toxicity. Pediatrics. 1975 Jun;55(6):871-6. Resumo

Flanagan RJ, Mant TG. Coma and metabolic acidosis early in severe acute paracetamol poisoning. Hum Toxicol. 1986 May;5(3):179-82. Resumo

Chiew AL, Gluud C, Brok J, et al. Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 23;(2):CD003328.Texto completo  Resumo

Harrison PM, Keays R, Bray GP, et al. Improved outcome of paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure by late administration of acetylcysteine. Lancet. 1990 Jun 30;335(8705):1572-3. Resumo

Prescott LF, Illingworth RN, Critchley JA, et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine: the treatment of choice for paracetamol poisoning. Br Med J. 1979 Nov 3;2(6198):1097-100.Texto completo  Resumo

Smilkstein MJ, Knapp GL, Kulig KW, et al. Efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose: analysis of the national multicenter study (1976 to 1985). N Engl J Med. 1988 Dec 15;319(24):1557-62. Resumo

Keays P, Harrison PM, Wendon JA, et al. Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective controlled trial. BMJ. 1991 Oct 26;303(6809):1026-9.Texto completo  Resumo

O'Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hayllar KM, et al. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology. 1989 Aug;97(2):439-45. Resumo

Schmidt LE, Knudsen TT, Dalhoff K, et al. Effect of acetylcysteine on prothrombin index in paracetamol poisoning without hepatocellular injury. Lancet. 2002 Oct 12;360(9340):1151-2. Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
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