Резюме
Определение
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- попытка причинения себе вреда
- повторное применение анальгетиков, отпускающихся без рецепта, для облегчения боли
- бессимптомное проявление
- тошнота, рвота и боль в брюшной полости
- боль или напряжение мышц живота в правом верхнем квадранте
- желтуха
- спутанность сознания, пониженный уровень сознания и/или астериксис
危险因素
- наличие в анамнезе причинения себе вреда
- наличие в анамнезе частого или повторного применения лекарственных средств для облегчения боли
- дефицит глутатиона
- препараты, которые индуцируют ферменты печени (индукторы цитохромов P450)
诊断性检查
首要检查
- уровень парацетамола в сыворотке
- уровень АСТ и АЛТ в сыворотке крови
- pH артериальной крови и уровень лактата
- мочевина и электролиты или тесты на функции почек
- протромбиновое время сыворотки и МНО
需考虑的检查
- уровень салицилата в сыворотке
- анализ мочи на наличие наркотических веществ
治疗流程
острая единичная передозировка
ступенчатый прием парацетамола внутрь
повторное терапевтическое превышение дозы парацетамола: в случае признаков гепатотоксичности
повторное терапевтическое превышение дозы парацетамола: в случае отсутствия признаков гепатотоксичности
撰稿人
作者
Daniel K. Colby, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Medical Toxicology
Department of Emergency Medicine
UC Davis Health
CA
利益声明
DKC declares that he has no competing interests.
Alastair Newton, MB ChB, FCEM
Consultant in Emergency Medicine
Emergency Department
The Prince Charles Hospital
Brisbane
Queensland
Australia
Disclosures
AN declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Professor Kennon Heard and Dr Alastair Newton would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Allan R. Mottram, a previous contributor to this topic. ARM declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Scott Phillips, MD
Clinical Faculty
Department of Toxicology
Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center
Denver
CO
Disclosures
SP declares that he has no competing interests.
Gerald F. O'Malley, DO
Director
Division of Research
Department of Emergency Medicine
Albert Einstein Medical Center
Philadelphia
PA
Disclosures
GFOM declares that he has no competing interests.
Sophie Gosselin, MD, FRCPC
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
McGill University
Emergency Physician and Medical Toxicologist
McGill University Health Centre
Medical Toxicologist
Centre Antipoison du Québec
Montreal
Quebec
Canada
Disclosures
SG declares that she is an unpaid co-investigator in the Canadian Acetaminophen Overdose Study and unpaid co-chair of the Extracorporeal Treatment In Poisoning workgroup.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Manyike PT, Kharasch ED, Kalhorn TF, et al. Contribution of CYP2E1 and CYP3A to acetaminophen reactive metabolite formation. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Mar;67(3):275-82. Abstract
Rumack BH, Matthew H. Acetaminophen poisoning and toxicity. Pediatrics. 1975 Jun;55(6):871-6. Abstract
Flanagan RJ, Mant TG. Coma and metabolic acidosis early in severe acute paracetamol poisoning. Hum Toxicol. 1986 May;5(3):179-82. Abstract
Chiew AL, Gluud C, Brok J, et al. Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 23;(2):CD003328.Full text Abstract
Harrison PM, Keays R, Bray GP, et al. Improved outcome of paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure by late administration of acetylcysteine. Lancet. 1990 Jun 30;335(8705):1572-3. Abstract
Prescott LF, Illingworth RN, Critchley JA, et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine: the treatment of choice for paracetamol poisoning. Br Med J. 1979 Nov 3;2(6198):1097-100.Full text Abstract
Smilkstein MJ, Knapp GL, Kulig KW, et al. Efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose: analysis of the national multicenter study (1976 to 1985). N Engl J Med. 1988 Dec 15;319(24):1557-62. Abstract
Keays P, Harrison PM, Wendon JA, et al. Intravenous acetylcysteine in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure: a prospective controlled trial. BMJ. 1991 Oct 26;303(6809):1026-9.Full text Abstract
O'Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hayllar KM, et al. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology. 1989 Aug;97(2):439-45. Abstract
Schmidt LE, Knudsen TT, Dalhoff K, et al. Effect of acetylcysteine on prothrombin index in paracetamol poisoning without hepatocellular injury. Lancet. 2002 Oct 12;360(9340):1151-2. Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Шоковая печень
- Острый гепатит А
- Острый гепатит В
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