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Острый бронхит

最后审阅: 16 Aug 2025
最后更新: 13 May 2022

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • наличие факторов риска
  • продолжительность кашля <30 дней
  • продуктивный кашель
  • отсутствие хронического респираторного заболевания в анамнезе
  • исключение любого другого респираторного или кардиального заболевания, которое могло бы служить причиной симптомов
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • лихорадка
  • свистящее дыхание
  • сухие хрипы
完整详情

危险因素

  • контакт с вирусной или атипичной бактериальной инфекцией
  • табакокурение
  • воздействие бытового загрязнения
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • клинический диагноз
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • исследование функции легких
  • рентгенография органов грудной клетки
  • СРБ
完整详情

新兴检查

  • прокальцитонин

治疗流程

急症处理

кашель ≤4 недель

持续性治疗

кашель >4 недель

撰稿人

作者

William J. Hueston, MD

Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs

Professor of Family and Community Medicine

Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee

WI

利益声明

WJH receives compensation from the American Physicians' Institute for the development and presentation of continuing physician education material related to primary care respiratory diseases, including acute bronchitis. WJH has received compensation from the Hong Kong Food and Health Bureau’s Research Fund Secretariat to review research grants for respiratory conditions such as acute bronchitis. He is also the author of a number of references cited in this topic.

鸣谢

Dr William J. Hueston would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ann M. Rodden, a previous contributor to this topic.

利益声明

AMR declares that she has no competing interests.

同行评议者

David L. Hahn, MD

Clinical Professor

School of Medicine and Public Health

University of Wisconsin-Madison

WI

利益声明

DLH declares that he has no competing interests.

Cristine Radojicic, MD

Staff Physician

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland

OH

Disclosures

CR declares that she has no competing interests.

Philip W. Ind, BA (Cantab), MB BChir, MA (Cantab), FRCP

Consultant Physician

Honorary Senior Lecturer

Imperial College Healthcare Trust

Hammersmith Hospital

London

UK

Disclosures

PWI declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Harris AM, Hicks LA, Qaseem A, et al. Appropriate antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infection in adults: advice for high-value care from the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 15;164(6):425-34.Full text  Abstract

Spurling GK, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, et al. Delayed antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Sep 7;(9):CD004417.Full text  Abstract

Smith SM, Fahey T, Smucny J, et al. Antibiotics for acute bronchitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 19;(6):CD000245.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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