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Обструкция нижних дыхательных путей

Última revisão: 11 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 15 Jul 2021

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • наличие факторов риска
  • одышка
  • кашель
  • кровохарканье
  • свистящее дыхание
  • стридор
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • охриплость
  • ортопноэ
  • дисфагия
  • боль в груди
  • тревожное состояние
  • тахипноэ
  • тахикардия
  • участие вспомогательных дыхательных мышц
  • цианоз
  • крепитация
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • рак легких
  • первичное злокачественное новообразование дыхательных путей
  • курение
  • искусственные дыхательные пути
  • трахеобронхиальные стенты
  • транстрахеальные кислородные катетеры
  • трансплантация легких
  • нейрокогнитивные и нервно-мышечные расстройства
  • рецидивирующий полихондрит
  • гранулематоз с полиангиитом (ранее именуемый гранулематозом Вегенера)
  • трахеобронхомаляция
  • эндобронхиальные инфекции
  • экстраторакальные и дистанционные злокачественные новообразования
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • рентгенография органов грудной клетки
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • бронхоскопия (гибкая и/или жесткая)
  • КТ грудной клетки
  • МРТ грудной клетки
  • петля "поток-объём" (ППО)
  • спирометрия
Detalhes completos

Novos exames

  • эндобронхиальное ультразвуковое исследование (EBUS)

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

острое проявление

подострое проявление

Colaboradores

Autores

Jose Fernando Santacruz, MD, FCCP, DAABIP
Jose Fernando Santacruz

Medical Director

Bronchoscopy & Interventional Pulmonology

Houston Methodist Lung Center

Houston Methodist Hospital

Houston

TX

Declarações

JFS is a consultant for Boston Scientific and is the author of several studies referenced in this topic.

Revisores

Krishna M. Sundar, MD

Adjunct Assistant Professor

University of Utah

Director

Pulmonary & Critical Care Research

IHC Urban South Intermountain Utah Valley Pulmonary Clinic

Provo

UT

Declarações

KMS declares that he has no competing interests.

Andrew Parfitt, MBBS, FFAEM

Clinical Director

Acute Medicine

Associate Medical Director

Consultant Emergency Medicine

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust

Clinical Lead and Consultant

Accident Emergency Medicine

St Thomas' Hospital

London

UK

Disclosures

AP declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Murgu SD, Egressy K, Laxmanan B, et al. Central Airway Obstruction: Benign Strictures, Tracheobronchomalacia, and Malignancy-related Obstruction. Chest. 2016 Aug;150(2):426-41.Full text  Abstract

Bolliger CT, Mathur PN, Beamis JF, et al. ERS/ATS statement on interventional pulmonology. European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J. 2002;19:356-373.Full text  Abstract

Ernst A, Silvestri GA, Johnstone D. Interventional pulmonary procedures: guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians. Chest. 2003;123:1693-1717. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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