Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- aumento no ganho de peso e construção muscular
- aumento de apetite
- consumo de suplementos nutricionais
- uso de outras substâncias para neutralizar os efeitos adversos do uso de EAA
- agressividade e oscilações do humor
- ginecomastia
- hirsutismo
- alterações no tom de voz
- hipertrofia clitoriana
- atrofia testicular
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- acne e/ou pele oleosa
- recessão da linha do cabelo temporal/alopecia androgênica
- estrias ou queloides
- irregularidades menstruais
- alterações na libido
- disfunção erétil
- infertilidade
- masculinização/feminização prematura (adolescentes)
- comprometimento cognitivo
- baixa estatura (adolescentes)
- marcas de agulha
- diminuição do tamanho das mamas
Factores de riesgo
- sexo masculino
- participação em esportes competitivos ou fisiculturismo
- história de dismorfia muscular ou de outro distúrbio da imagem corporal
- emprego como segurança de casa noturna, dançarino profissional do sexo masculino, lutador profissional ou agente da lei
- história de abuso físico ou sexual na infância
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- exames toxicológicos da urina
- razão de testosterona e epitestosterona
- testosterona, LH e FSH séricos
- globulina ligadora de hormônios sexuais (SHBG)
- Hemograma completo
- glicose sérica
- eletrólitos séricos
- perfil lipídico
- TFHs
- creatina quinase
- sorologia para hepatite
- sorologia do HIV
Pruebas emergentes
- imagens cardiovasculares da medicina nuclear
Algoritmo de tratamiento
atleta de elite: uso de esteroides anabolizantes androgênicos (EAA)
população em geral: uso de esteroides anabolizantes androgênicos (EAA)
Colaboradores
Autores
Thozhukat Sathyapalan, MBBS, MD, FRCP, FACP, SFHEA
Professor
Chair in Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Hull York Medical School
York
UK
利益声明
TS has received travel grants from Novo Nordisk and Rhythm Pharmaceuticals and consultancy fees from Rhythm Pharmaceuticals.
Emmanuel Ssemmondo, MBChB, MSc, MRCP
Clinical Research Fellow
Academic Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism
University of Hull
Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
Hull
UK
利益声明
ES declares that he has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Professor Thozhukat Sathyapalan and Dr Emmanuel Ssemmondo would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Najeeb Shah, Dr Marcel J. Casavant and Dr Jill R. K. Griffith, previous contributors to the topic.
利益声明
NS, MJC, and JRKG declared that they had no competing interests.
同行评议者
Fred Hartgens, MD, PhD
Department of Epidemiology
Maastricht University Medical Centre
Department of Surgery
Outpatient Clinic Sports Medicine
Maastricht
Netherlands
利益声明
FH is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Harrison G. Pope Jr, MD, MPH
Professor of Psychiatry
Psychiatrist
Director
Biological Psychiatry Laboratory
McLean Hospital
Belmont
MA
利益声明
HGP is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. HGP has received research grant funding from the US National Institute on Drug Abuse to investigate neuropsychological effect of long-term anabolic steroid use (NIDA R01 DA-041866).
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
Anawalt BD. Diagnosis and management of anabolic androgenic steroid use. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jul 1;104(7):2490-500.全文 摘要
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG committee opinion no. 484 (reaffirmed 2021): performance enhancing anabolic steroid abuse in women. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Apr;117(4):1016-8.全文 摘要
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Anabolic steroids and other appearance and performance enhancing drugs (APEDs). May 2023 [internet publication].全文
Pope HG Jr, Kanayama G. Body image disorders and anabolic steroid withdrawal hypogonadism in men. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2022 Mar;51(1):205-16. 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Uso de outros compostos ergogênicos
- Síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP)
- Hirsutismo provocado por medicamento
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- Anabolic steroids and other appearance and performance enhancing drugs (APEDs)
- Drug misuse and dependence: UK guidelines on clinical management
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