Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- período de ≥2 anos de alterações de humor sazonalmente relacionadas
- depressão no outono ou inverno
- remissão dos sintomas na primavera ou no verão
- sintomas depressivos atípicos
- sintomas depressivos vegetativos
- sintomas maníacos ou hipomaníacos na primavera ou no verão
- depressão na primavera ou verão
- sintomas maníacos/hipomaníacos
Other diagnostic factors
- sintomas somáticos
- retração comportamental
- comprometimentos funcionais
- uso excessivo de bebidas alcoólicas
- taquicardia
- maior pressão arterial sistólica
- sono agitado
Risk factors
- exposição à diminuição da luz no inverno e aumento da luz no verão
- residência em latitude setentrional
- história familiar de transtorno afetivo sazonal (TAS)
- sexo feminino
- idade entre 20 e 30 anos
- fatores psicológicos (por exemplo, neuroticismo alto)
- comorbidade psiquiátrica (por exemplo, ansiedade, transtorno de deficit da atenção com hiperatividade [TDAH], transtornos disfóricos pré-menstruais)
- uso de bebidas alcoólicas
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- exame clínico
Investigations to consider
- perfil metabólico do sangue
- hormônio estimulante da tireoide sérico
- análise toxicológica (urina e sangue)
Treatment algorithm
TAS subsindrômico
transtorno afetivo sazonal (TAS) com transtorno depressivo unipolar recorrente
transtorno afetivo sazonal (TAS) com transtorno de humor bipolar
prevenção do transtorno afetivo sazonal (TAS) com transtorno de humor unipolar
prevenção do transtorno afetivo sazonal (TAS) com transtorno de humor bipolar
Contributors
Authors
Craig N. Sawchuk, PhD
Associate Professor
Co-Chair, Division of Integrated Behavioral Health
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
Disclosures
CNS declares that he has no competing interests.
Jason P. Veitengruber, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle
WA
Disclosures
JPV declares that he has no competing interests.
William B. Leasure, MD
Clinical Instructor
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester
MN
Disclosures
WBL declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Gregory W. Dalack, MD
Professor and Chair
University of Michigan
Department of Psychiatry
Ann Arbor
MI
Disclosures
GWD declares that he has no competing interests.
Dietmar Winkler, MD
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Medical University of Vienna
Vienna
Austria
Disclosures
DW is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. DW declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Galima SV, Vogel SR, Kowalski AW. Seasonal affective disorder: common questions and answers. Am Fam Physician. 2020 Dec 1;102(11):668-72.Full text Abstract
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision, (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults: treatment and management. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Transtorno depressivo maior, episódios únicos e recorrentes
- Transtornos bipolares I e II
- Transtorno depressivo persistente
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 update on clinical guidelines for management of major depressive disorder in adults
- Depression in adults: treatment and management
More GuidelinesPatient information
Encefalomielite miálgica (síndrome da fadiga crônica)
Transtorno bipolar: o que é?
More Patient information
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