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Transtorno afetivo sazonal

  • Visão geral
  • Teoria
  • Diagnóstico
  • Tratamento
  • ACOMPANHAMENTO
  • Recursos
Última revisión: 15 Sep 2025
Última actualización: 23 May 2025

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • período de ≥2 anos de alterações de humor sazonalmente relacionadas
  • depressão no outono ou inverno
  • remissão dos sintomas na primavera ou no verão
  • sintomas depressivos atípicos
  • sintomas depressivos vegetativos
  • sintomas maníacos ou hipomaníacos na primavera ou no verão
  • depressão na primavera ou verão
  • sintomas maníacos/hipomaníacos
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • sintomas somáticos
  • retração comportamental
  • comprometimentos funcionais
  • uso excessivo de bebidas alcoólicas
  • taquicardia
  • maior pressão arterial sistólica
  • sono agitado
Todos los datos

Risk factors

  • exposição à diminuição da luz no inverno e aumento da luz no verão
  • residência em latitude setentrional
  • história familiar de transtorno afetivo sazonal (TAS)
  • sexo feminino
  • idade entre 20 e 30 anos
  • fatores psicológicos (por exemplo, neuroticismo alto)
  • comorbidade psiquiátrica (por exemplo, ansiedade, transtorno de deficit da atenção com hiperatividade [TDAH], transtornos disfóricos pré-menstruais)
  • uso de bebidas alcoólicas
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • exame clínico
Full details

Tests to consider

  • perfil metabólico do sangue
  • hormônio estimulante da tireoide sérico
  • análise toxicológica (urina e sangue)
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

TAS subsindrômico

transtorno afetivo sazonal (TAS) com transtorno depressivo unipolar recorrente

transtorno afetivo sazonal (TAS) com transtorno de humor bipolar

ONGOING

prevenção do transtorno afetivo sazonal (TAS) com transtorno de humor unipolar

prevenção do transtorno afetivo sazonal (TAS) com transtorno de humor bipolar

Contributors

Authors

Craig N. Sawchuk, PhD
Craig N. Sawchuk

Associate Professor

Co-Chair, Division of Integrated Behavioral Health

Department of Psychiatry and Psychology

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

Disclosures

CNS declares that he has no competing interests.

Jason P. Veitengruber, MD
Jason P. Veitengruber

Assistant Professor

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

University of Washington School of Medicine

Seattle

WA

Disclosures

JPV declares that he has no competing interests.

William B. Leasure, MD

Clinical Instructor

Department of Psychiatry and Psychology

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

Disclosures

WBL declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Gregory W. Dalack, MD

Professor and Chair

University of Michigan

Department of Psychiatry

Ann Arbor

MI

Disclosures

GWD declares that he has no competing interests.

Dietmar Winkler, MD

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

Medical University of Vienna

Vienna

Austria

Disclosures

DW is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. DW declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Galima SV, Vogel SR, Kowalski AW. Seasonal affective disorder: common questions and answers. Am Fam Physician. 2020 Dec 1;102(11):668-72.Full text  Abstract

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision, (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults: treatment and management. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

  • Differentials

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  • Guidelines

    • Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2023 update on clinical guidelines for management of major depressive disorder in adults
    • Depression in adults: treatment and management
    More Guidelines

  • Patient information

    Encefalomielite miálgica (síndrome da fadiga crônica)

    Transtorno bipolar: o que é?

    More Patient information
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