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Câncer de bexiga

Última revisão das evidências: 12 May 2026
Última atualização do tópico: 06 Jan 2026

Resumo

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • hematúria (visível ou não visível)
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • polaciúria
  • disúria
Full details

Risk factors

  • exposição ao tabaco
  • exposição a carcinógenos químicos
  • idade >65 anos
  • radiação pélvica
  • uso de ciclofosfamida ou ifosfamida
  • Infecção por Schistosoma
  • sexo masculino
  • inflamação crônica da bexiga
  • predisposição genética
  • diabetes mellitus
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • urinálise
Full details

Tests to consider

  • cistoscopia
  • citologia da urina
  • urograma por tomografia computadorizada (TC)
  • urograma por ressonância magnética (RM)
  • ultrassonografia renal e vesical
  • cirurgia
  • Hemograma completo
  • perfil bioquímico (incluindo fosfatase alcalina)
  • radiografia torácica
  • TC abdominal e de pelve
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) abdominal e pélvica
  • PET-TC com fluordesoxiglucose (FDG)
  • cintilografia óssea
  • biomarcadores urinários
  • teste genético
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

tumores não invasivos do músculo

tumores localmente invasivos

doença metastática

Contributors

Authors

Alberto Martini, MD

Assistant Professor, Director of Research

Department of Urology

University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

Cincinnati

OH

Disclosures

AM declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Alberto Martini would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Joshua J. Meeks, Dr David VanderWeele, Dr Sarah E. Fenton, Dr Donald Lamm and Dr Mary Heeley, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

JJM is a consultant for Merck, AstraZeneca, Incyte, Janssen, BMS, UroGen, Prokarium, Imvax, Pfizer, and Seagen/Astellas. He has received research funding from the VHA, NIH, and DoD; compensation for talks/educational courses from the AUA, OncLive, Olympus, and UroToday; and clinical trial support from SWOG, Genentech, Merck, AstraZeneca, and Incyte. JJM holds patents on T1 and TCGA classifiers; these are not currently available for use in clinical practice. JJM is an author of a reference cited in this topic. DVW declares that he has received payments from Clovis Oncology, Exelixis, Janssen, and Bayer for advisory boards; research payments from AstraZeneca for clinical trials; payments from Astellas and Myovant for lectures; and payments from Exelixis and AstraZeneca for travel and dinner costs. SEF declares that she has no competing interests. DL is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. MH declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Junaid Masood, MBBS, FRCS (Eng), MSc (Urol), FRCS (Urol)

Consultant Urological Surgeon

Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

London

UK

Disclosures

JM declares that he has no competing interests.

Hugh Mostafid, MD

Consultant Urologist

North Hampshire Hospital

Basingstoke

UK

Disclosures

HM has received honoraria from GE Healthcare and Kyowa Kirin UK.

Thomas Guzzo, MD

Clinical Instructor of Urology

The James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute

The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions

Baltimore

MD

Disclosures

TG declares that he has no competing interests.

Amir Kaisary, MD, MA, ChM, FRCS

Consultant Urological Surgeon

Honorary Senior Lecturer

Department of Urology

The Royal Free & University College Medical School

London

UK

Disclosures

AK declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

European Association of Urology. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (TaT1 and CIS). 2025 [internet publication].Full text

European Association of Urology. Muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. 2025 [internet publication].Full text

American Urological Association. Diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: AUA/SUO joint guideline. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: bladder cancer [internet publication].Full text

American Urological Association. Treatment of non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer: AUA/ASCO/ASTRO/SUO guideline. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Câncer de bexiga images
  • Differentials

    • Hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB)
    • Cistite hemorrágica
    • Prostatite aguda
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Suspected cancer: recognition and referral
    • Canadian Urological Association guideline: muscle-invasive bladder cancer
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Câncer de bexiga

    More Patient information
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