When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Câncer de bexiga

Last reviewed: 24 Sep 2025
Last updated: 17 Jan 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • hematúria (visível ou não visível)
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • polaciúria
  • disúria
Full details

Risk factors

  • exposição ao tabaco
  • exposição a carcinógenos químicos
  • idade >65 anos
  • radiação pélvica
  • uso de ciclofosfamida
  • Infecção por Schistosoma
  • sexo masculino
  • inflamação crônica da bexiga
  • predisposição genética
  • diabetes mellitus
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • urinálise
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • cistoscopia
  • citologia da urina
  • urograma por tomografia computadorizada (TC)
  • urograma por ressonância magnética (RM)
  • ultrassonografia renal e vesical
  • Hemograma completo
  • perfil bioquímico (incluindo fosfatase alcalina)
  • radiografia torácica
  • TC abdominal e de pelve
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) abdominal e pélvica
  • PET-TC com fluordesoxiglucose (FDG)
  • cintilografia óssea
  • biomarcadores urinários
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

tumores não invasivos do músculo

tumores localmente invasivos

doença metastática

Contributors

Authors

Joshua J. Meeks, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Urology

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

JJM is a consultant for Merck, AstraZeneca, Incyte, Janssen, BMS, UroGen, Prokarium, Imvax, Pfizer, and Seagen/Astellas. He has received research funding from the VHA, NIH, and DoD; compensation for talks/educational courses from the AUA, OncLive, Olympus, and UroToday; and clinical trial support from SWOG, Genentech, Merck, AstraZeneca, and Incyte. JJM holds patents on T1 and TCGA classifiers; these are not currently available for use in clinical practice. JJM is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

David VanderWeele, MD, PhD

Associate Professor, Hematology and Oncology

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

DVW declares that he has received payments from Clovis Oncology, Exelixis, Janssen, and Bayer for advisory boards; research payments from AstraZeneca for clinical trials; payments from Astellas and Myovant for lectures; and payments from Exelixis and AstraZeneca for travel and dinner costs.

​Sarah E. Fenton, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor, Hematology and Oncology

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

SEF declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Joshua J. Meeks, Dr David VanderWeele, and Dr Sarah E. Fenton would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Donald Lamm and Dr Mary Heeley, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

DL is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. MH declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Junaid Masood, MBBS, FRCS (Eng), MSc (Urol), FRCS (Urol)

Consultant Urological Surgeon

Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

London

UK

Disclosures

JM declares that he has no competing interests.

Hugh Mostafid, MD

Consultant Urologist

North Hampshire Hospital

Basingstoke

UK

Disclosures

HM has received honoraria from GE Healthcare and Kyowa Kirin UK.

Thomas Guzzo, MD

Clinical Instructor of Urology

The James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute

The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions

Baltimore

MD

Disclosures

TG declares that he has no competing interests.

Amir Kaisary, MD, MA, ChM, FRCS

Consultant Urological Surgeon

Honorary Senior Lecturer

Department of Urology

The Royal Free & University College Medical School

London

UK

利益声明

AK declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

American Urological Association. Diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: AUA/SUO joint guideline. 2024 [internet publication].全文

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: bladder cancer [internet publication].全文

European Association of Urology. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. 2023 [internet publication].全文

European Association of Urology. Muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. 2024 [internet publication].全文

American Urological Association. Treatment of non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer: AUA/ASCO/ASTRO/SUO guideline. Apr 2024 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Câncer de bexiga images
  • 鉴别诊断

    • Hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB)
    • Cistite hemorrágica
    • Prostatite
    更多 鉴别诊断
  • 指南

    • Suspected cancer: recognition and referral
    • Treatment of non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer: AUA/ASCO/ASTRO/SUO guideline
    更多 指南
  • 患者教育信息

    Câncer de bexiga

    更多 患者教育信息
  • padlock-locked登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容

内容使用需遵循免责声明