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Distrofias musculares

Última revisão: 30 Mar 2025
Última atualização: 14 Mar 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • distribuição irregular de força nos membros inferiores
  • contraturas musculotendinosas nos membros inferiores
  • desenvolvimento motor tardio
  • hipertrofia da panturrilha
  • dificuldade de deambulação e quedas
  • tônus muscular e reflexos tendinosos profundos diminuídos
  • sensibilidade normal
  • sinal de Gower
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • caminhar na ponta dos pés
  • hipotonia
  • hiperatividade
  • incontinência urinária e intestinal
  • deficiência intelectual leve a grave
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • história familiar
  • sexo masculino
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • creatina quinase (CK) sérica
  • teste genético
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • eletromiografia (EMG)
  • biópsia muscular
  • RNM muscular
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

DMD: estágio deambulante

DMD: estágio não-deambulante inicial

DMD: estágio não-deambulante tardio

atrofia muscular espinhal (AME)

Colaboradores

Autores

Pinki Munot, MD

Consultant Paediatric Neurologist

Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children

London

UK

Declarações

PM PM is a principal investigator for the Sideros trial in DMD and the ARGNX trial in Myasthenia, and a sub-investigator for the SHINE trial. PM was reimbursed for presenting at the PULSE 65 rare disease day for GPs in December 2023 and for the RCPCH 2022 lunch time symposium by PTC therapeutics.

Agradecimentos

Dr Pinki Munot would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr John R. Bach, Dr Aravindhan Veerapandiyan, and Dr Bilal Saulat, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

JRB, AV, and BS declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Lisa D. Hobson-Webb, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Department of Medicine/Neurology

Duke University Medical Center

Durham

NC

Declarações

LDH-W declares that she has no competing interests.

Martin K. Childers, DO, PhD

Associate Professor Neurology and Regenerative Medicine

Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem

NC

Declarações

MKC declares that he has no competing interests.

Adnan Manzur, FRCPCH

Consultant Paediatric Neurologist

Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust

London

UK

Declarações

AM has been paid an honorarium for giving lectures at the Imperial College Educative Training Courses for GPs and post-graduate doctors. AM is the lead author of the Cochrane review of corticosteroids in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. He is also the Lead Clinician of the NorthStar Clinical Network for Management of Neuromuscular Disorders in the UK.

Richard W. Orrell, BSc, MD, FRCP

Senior Lecturer and Consultant Neurologist

Department of Clinical Neuroscience

UCL Institute of Neurology

London

UK

Declarações

RWO is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

Mercuri E, Finkel RS, Muntoni F, et al; SMA Care Group. Diagnosis and management of spinal muscular atrophy: part 1: recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, orthopedic and nutritional care. Neuromuscul Disord. 2018 Feb;28(2):103-15.Texto completo  Resumo

Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, et al; DMD Care Considerations Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Mar;17(3):251-67.Texto completo  Resumo

Finkel RS, Mercuri E, Meyer OH, et al; SMA Care Group. Diagnosis and management of spinal muscular atrophy: part 2: pulmonary and acute care; medications, supplements and immunizations; other organ systems; and ethics. Neuromuscul Disord. 2018 Mar;28(3):197-207.Texto completo  Resumo

Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, et al; DMD Care Considerations Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopaedic management. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Apr;17(4):347-61.Texto completo  Resumo

Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, et al; DMD Care Considerations Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 3: primary care, emergency management, psychosocial care, and transitions of care across the lifespan. Lancet Neurol. 2018 May;17(5):445-55.Texto completo  Resumo

Feingold B, Mahle WT, Auerbach S, et al. Management of cardiac involvement associated with neuromuscular diseases: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017 Sep 26;136(13):e200-31.Texto completo  Resumo

Gloss D, Moxley RT 3rd, Ashwal S, et al. Practice guideline update summary: corticosteroid treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2016 Feb 2;86(5):465-72.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Distrofias musculares images
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Polimiosite
    • Encefalopatias estáticas (paralisia cerebral)
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management
    • Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopaedic management
    Mais Diretrizes
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