Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presença de fatores de risco
- distribuição irregular de força nos membros inferiores
- contraturas musculotendinosas nos membros inferiores
- desenvolvimento motor tardio
- hipertrofia da panturrilha
- dificuldade de deambulação e quedas
- tônus muscular e reflexos tendinosos profundos diminuídos
- sensibilidade normal
- sinal de Gower
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- caminhar na ponta dos pés
- hipotonia
- hiperatividade
- incontinência urinária e intestinal
- deficiência intelectual leve a grave
Fatores de risco
- história familiar
- sexo masculino
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- creatina quinase (CK) sérica
- teste genético
Investigações a serem consideradas
- eletromiografia (EMG)
- biópsia muscular
- RNM muscular
Algoritmo de tratamento
DMD: estágio deambulante
DMD: estágio não-deambulante inicial
DMD: estágio não-deambulante tardio
atrofia muscular espinhal (AME)
Colaboradores
Autores
Pinki Munot, MD
Consultant Paediatric Neurologist
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children
London
UK
Disclosures
PM declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Pinki Munot would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr John R. Bach, Dr Aravindhan Veerapandiyan, and Dr Bilal Saulat, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
JRB, AV, and BS declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Lisa D. Hobson-Webb, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine/Neurology
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, NC
Disclosures
LDH-W declares that she has no competing interests.
Martin K. Childers, DO, PhD
Associate Professor Neurology and Regenerative Medicine
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Winston-Salem, NC
Disclosures
MKC declares that he has no competing interests.
Adnan Manzur, FRCPCH
Consultant Paediatric Neurologist
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust
London
UK
Disclosures
AM has been paid an honorarium for giving lectures at the Imperial College Educative Training Courses for GPs and post-graduate doctors. AM is the lead author of the Cochrane review of corticosteroids in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. He is also the Lead Clinician of the NorthStar Clinical Network for Management of Neuromuscular Disorders in the UK.
Richard W. Orrell, BSc, MD, FRCP
Senior Lecturer and Consultant Neurologist
Department of Clinical Neuroscience
UCL Institute of Neurology
London
UK
Disclosures
RWO is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, et al; DMD Care Considerations Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Mar;17(3):251-67.Full text Abstract
Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, et al; DMD Care Considerations Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopaedic management. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Apr;17(4):347-61.Full text Abstract
Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, et al; DMD Care Considerations Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 3: primary care, emergency management, psychosocial care, and transitions of care across the lifespan. Lancet Neurol. 2018 May;17(5):445-55.Full text Abstract
Feingold B, Mahle WT, Auerbach S, et al. Management of cardiac involvement associated with neuromuscular diseases: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017 Sep 26;136(13):e200-31.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

Differentials
- Polimiosite
- Encefalopatias estáticas (paralisia cerebral)
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management
- Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopaedic management
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