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Distrofias musculares

Última revisão das evidências: 26 Aug 2026
Última atualização do tópico: 23 Jun 2026

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • distribuição irregular de força nos membros inferiores
  • contraturas musculotendinosas nos membros inferiores
  • desenvolvimento motor tardio
  • hipertrofia da panturrilha
  • dificuldade de deambulação e quedas
  • tônus muscular e reflexos tendinosos profundos diminuídos
  • sensibilidade normal
  • sinal de Gower
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • caminhar na ponta dos pés
  • hipotonia
  • hiperatividade
  • incontinência urinária e intestinal
  • deficiência intelectual leve a grave
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • história familiar
  • sexo masculino
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • creatina quinase (CK) sérica
  • teste genético
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • eletromiografia (EMG)
  • biópsia muscular
  • RNM muscular
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

DMD: estágio deambulante

DMD: estágio não-deambulante inicial

DMD: estágio não-deambulante tardio

atrofia muscular espinhal (AME)

Colaboradores

Autores

Pinki Munot, MD

Consultant Paediatric Neurologist

Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children

London

UK

Disclosures

PM declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Pinki Munot would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr John R. Bach, Dr Aravindhan Veerapandiyan, and Dr Bilal Saulat, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

JRB, AV, and BS declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Lisa D. Hobson-Webb, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Department of Medicine/Neurology

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, NC

Disclosures

LDH-W declares that she has no competing interests.

Martin K. Childers, DO, PhD

Associate Professor Neurology and Regenerative Medicine

Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, NC

Disclosures

MKC declares that he has no competing interests.

Adnan Manzur, FRCPCH

Consultant Paediatric Neurologist

Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust

London

UK

Disclosures

AM has been paid an honorarium for giving lectures at the Imperial College Educative Training Courses for GPs and post-graduate doctors. AM is the lead author of the Cochrane review of corticosteroids in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. He is also the Lead Clinician of the NorthStar Clinical Network for Management of Neuromuscular Disorders in the UK.

Richard W. Orrell, BSc, MD, FRCP

Senior Lecturer and Consultant Neurologist

Department of Clinical Neuroscience

UCL Institute of Neurology

London

UK

Disclosures

RWO is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, et al; DMD Care Considerations Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Mar;17(3):251-67.Full text  Abstract

Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, et al; DMD Care Considerations Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopaedic management. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Apr;17(4):347-61.Full text  Abstract

Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, et al; DMD Care Considerations Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 3: primary care, emergency management, psychosocial care, and transitions of care across the lifespan. Lancet Neurol. 2018 May;17(5):445-55.Full text  Abstract

Feingold B, Mahle WT, Auerbach S, et al. Management of cardiac involvement associated with neuromuscular diseases: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017 Sep 26;136(13):e200-31.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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    • Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management
    • Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopaedic management
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