Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- golpe direto na cabeça ou desaceleração da cabeça por uma força impulsiva
- trauma cerebral anterior, uso de substâncias ou abuso de álcool
Other diagnostic factors
- cefaleia
- sensação de confusão/lentidão
- tontura/problemas de equilíbrio
- dificuldades de memória
- vômitos/náuseas
- dor cervical
- exame neurológico físico normal
- anormalidades nos exames neuropsicológicos
Risk factors
- traumatismo cranioencefálico
- trauma cerebral prévio
- uso indevido de bebidas alcoólicas e drogas
- pouca força no pescoço
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) do crânio
Tests to consider
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) de crânio
Emerging tests
- tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET), TC por emissão de fóton único (SPECT)
- tecnologias de RNM multimodais
Treatment algorithm
todos os pacientes
Contributors
Authors
Luke C. Henry, PhD

Assistant Professor
Department of Neurological Surgery
Senior Clinical Neuropsychologist
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh
PA
Disclosures
LCH declares that he has no competing interests.
Maria Twichell, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor
Director
General Rehabilitation Unit
UPMC Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh
PA
Disclosures
MT declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Luke C. Henry and Dr Maria Twichell would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jeffrey Bazarian and Dr Maryse Lassonde, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
JB has been reimbursed by Roche, the manufacturer of an automated assay for serum S-100B, to attend a conference, and has been reimbursed by Banyan Biomarkers and Neuren Pharmaceuticals to help develop their research protocols. JB is also an author of a reference cited in this topic. ML is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Eirik Helseth, MD, PhD
Professor and Consultant
Department of Neurosurgery
Ulleval University Hospital
Oslo
Norway
Disclosures
EH declares that he has no competing interests.
Margot Putukian, MD
Director of Athletic Medicine
Princeton University
Princeton
NJ
Disclosures
MP is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
References
Key articles
Maas AIR, Menon DK, Manley GT, et al. Traumatic brain injury: progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research. Lancet Neurol. 2022 Nov;21(11):1004-60.Full text Abstract
Harmon KG, Clugston JR, Dec K, et al. American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement on concussion in sport. Br J Sports Med. 2019 Feb;53(4):213-25.Full text Abstract
Patricios JS, Schneider KJ, Dvorak J, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport-Amsterdam, October 2022. Br J Sports Med. 2023 Jun;57(11):695-711.Full text Abstract
American College of Emergency Physicians. Mild traumatic brain injury. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Lesão cerebral traumática (LCT) moderada/grave
- Depression
- Traumas ou lesões gerais ao corpo não envolvendo a cabeça
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Critical issues in the management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with mild traumatic brain injury
- Concussion/mild traumatic brain injury and persistent symptoms: for adults over 18 years of age
More GuidelinesPatient information
Ansiedade: quais tratamentos funcionam?
Doença de Alzheimer e outros tipos de demência: quais tratamentos funcionam?
More Patient informationLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer