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Tracoma

Última revisão: 17 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 02 Jan 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • habitação ou emigração de uma área endêmica
  • Características demográficas de risco
  • inflamação conjuntival subtarsal
  • folículos subtarsais
  • cicatrização conjuntival subtarsal
  • triquíase
  • opacificação corneana e perda da visão
  • Fossetas de Herbert
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • assintomático
  • secreção ocular e nasal
  • olho vermelho
  • olho lacrimejante e dolorido
  • folículos límbicos
  • pannus
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • crianças (1 a 9 anos de idade)
  • higiene facial insatisfatória
  • sexo feminino
  • pobreza
  • higiene insatisfatória na comunidade
  • aglomeração domiciliar
  • habitação ou emigração de uma área endêmica
  • moscas que procuram os olhos
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • diagnóstico clínico
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • reação em cadeia da polimerase (swab conjuntival)
Detalhes completos

Novos exames

  • novos testes moleculares e sorológicos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

Área endêmica com poucos recursos: com base na prevalência de tracoma ativo

área não endêmica rica em recursos: indivíduo infectado e contato com familiares

CONTÍNUA

área endêmica com poucos recursos: triquíase tracomatosa

área não endêmica rica em recursos: triquíase tracomatosa

Colaboradores

Autores

Van Charles Lansingh, MD, PhD, MBA

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

Moran Eye Center

University of Utah

UT

Voluntary Associate Professor

Public Health Sciences

Miller School of Medicine

University of Miami

FL

Help Me See Chief Medical Officer

Director of Research

IMO (Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology)

Santiago de Queretaro

Mexico

Declarações

VCL declares that he has no competing interests.

Kelly Callahan, MPH

Director

Trachoma Control Program

The Carter Center

Atlanta

GA

Disclosures

KC declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Van Charles Lansingh and Ms Kelly Callahan wish to gratefully acknowledge Dr Paul Emerson, Dr Heathcote R. Wright and Dr Hugh R. Taylor, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

PE declares no competing interests. HRW and HRT are authors of a number of references cited in the topic.

Peer reviewers

Matthew Burton, BChir

Lecturer

International Centre for Eye Health

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

London

UK

Disclosures

MB declares that he has no competing interests.

Victor Perez, MD

Assistant Professor

Miller School of Medicine

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute

University of Miami

Miami

FL

Disclosures

VP declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

World Health Organization. Trachoma control: a guide for programme managers. Jul 2006 [internet publication].Full text

World Health Organization. Report of the 4th global scientific meeting on trachoma, Geneva, 27-29 November 2018. Jun 2019 [Internet publication].Full text

Evans JR, Solomon AW, Kumar R, et al. Antibiotics for trachoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Sep 26;9:CD001860.Full text  Abstract

Ejere HO, Alhassan MB, Rabiu M. Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 20;(2):CD003659.Full text  Abstract

Burton M, Habtamu E, Ho D, et al. Interventions for trachoma trichiasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 13;(11):CD004008.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Tracoma images
  • Differentials

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    • Conjuntivite viral
    • Conjuntivite bacteriana
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  • Guidelines

    • National guide to a preventive health assessment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, third edition
    • Trachoma control: a guide for programme managers
    More Guidelines
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