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Forame oval patente

Last reviewed: 15 Set 2025
Last updated: 08 Fev 2022

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • aneurisma do septo atrial
  • afecções cardíacas congênitas
  • acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) em idades <60 anos
  • exame cardíaco anormal
  • trombose venosa profunda
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • sintomas de descompressão relacionados ao mergulho
  • sensação de frio no membro
  • dor no membro
  • dispneia na posição vertical na síndrome de platipneia-ortodeoxia
Full details

Risk factors

  • aneurisma do septo atrial
  • afecções cardíacas congênitas
  • história familiar de enxaqueca
  • enxaqueca
  • história familiar do FOP
  • apneia obstrutiva do sono
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • ecocardiografia transtorácica com Doppler colorido e injeção de contraste
  • ecocardiografia transesofágica com Doppler colorido e injeção de contraste
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • ecocardiografia intracardíaca
  • ultrassonografia do membro inferior
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) do membro inferior
  • ecocardiografia transesofágica com mesa inclinável
Full details

Emerging tests

  • Doppler transcraniano

Treatment algorithm

ONGOING

assintomático com baixo risco de eventos trombóticos (e sem ocupação de alto risco)

assintomático com alto risco de evento trombótico (não em profissão de alto risco)

AVC criptogênico

profissão de alto risco

Contributors

Authors

Kul Aggarwal, MD, MRCP, FACC
Kul Aggarwal

Professor of Clinical Medicine

University of Missouri

Columbia

MO

Disclosures

KA is the author of a reference cited in this topic.

Poorna R Karuparthi, MD, FACC

Clinical Assistant Professor

University of Missouri Hospital

Division of Cardiology

University of Missouri

Columbia

MO

Disclosures

PRK declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Professor Kul Aggarwal and Poorna R Karuparthi would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Vibhuti Singh, a previous contributor to this topic.

Disclosures

VS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Navin Nanda, MD

Professor of Medicine

Director Heart Station and Echocardiography Laboratories

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham

AL

Disclosures

NN declares that he has no competing interests.

Andrew Turley, MB ChB

Cardiology Specialist Registrar

The James Cook University Hospital

Middlesbrough

UK

Disclosures

AT declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Silvestry FE, Cohen MS, Armsby LB, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale: from the American Society of Echocardiography and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015 Aug;28(8):910-58.Full text  Abstract

Meier B, Kalesan B, Mattle HP, et al. Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic embolism. N Engl J Med. 2013 Mar 21;368(12):1083-91. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Forame oval patente images
  • Differentials

    • Malformação arteriovenosa (MAV) no pulmão
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • 2020 ESC guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease
    • 2021 guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Enxaqueca

    More Patient information
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