When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Síndrome de DiGeorge

Last reviewed: 21 Aug 2025
Last updated: 18 Dec 2024

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • cianose
  • sinais de insuficiência cardíaca
  • sopro cardíaco
  • características faciais específicas
  • fenda labial e fenda palatina
  • deficit no crescimento
  • convulsão ou tetania
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • apresentação na primeira infância
  • dificuldade para se alimentar
  • atraso na fala
  • distúrbio de aprendizagem não verbal
  • infecções frequentes
  • esquizofrenia
  • características da síndrome CHARGE (caracterizada por coloboma, atresia das cóanas e canais semicirculares anormais)
Full details

Risk factors

  • pai/mãe com síndrome de DiGeorge
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • cálcio sérico
  • paratormônio (PTH) sérico intacto
  • contagem de células T
  • análise cromossômica por microarray
  • amplificação de múltiplas sondas dependentes de ligação
  • títulos imunológicos específicos (se houver imunização prévia)
  • Hemograma completo
  • hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH)
  • T4 livre
  • radiografia torácica
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
  • imunoglobulinas séricas
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • hibridização in situ fluorescente
  • cariótipo
  • ecocardiograma
  • ultrassonografia renal e vesical
  • audiometria
  • avaliações odontológicas e palatais
  • avaliação oftalmológica
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ONGOING

nascimento até 4 meses

Lactentes e crianças pequenas (4 meses a 5 anos)

crianças em idade escolar (5 a 18 anos)

adultos

Contributors

Authors

James A. Stadler III, MD, MAS

Assistant Professor of Neurological Surgery

University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health

University of Wisconsin-Madison

WI

Disclosures

JAS declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr James A. Stadler III would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Sean A. McGhee and Dr Maria Garcia Lloret, the previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

SAMG has provided testimony as an expert in a criminal case in which immune deficiency was a concern, and is a co-author of a reference cited in this topic. MGL is a co-author of a reference cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Gabriela M. Repetto, MD

Director

Centro de Genetica Humana

Facultad de Medicina

Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo

Santiago

Chile

Disclosures

GMR is a co-author of a reference cited in this topic.

Lisa Kobrynski, MD, MPH

Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep

Emory University

Atlanta

GA

Disclosures

LK is an investigator in clinical trials by Baxter Bioscience. These trials do not involve patients with 22q11DS. LK is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Winnie Ip, BHB, MBChB, FRACP, MD(Res)

Consultant Immunologist

Department of Immunology

Great Ormond Street Hospital

London

UK

Disclosures

WI declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

European Society for Immunodeficiencies. Clinical Working Party diagnostic criteria for PID: DiGeorge syndrome diagnostic criteria [internet publication].Full text

Boot E, Óskarsdóttir S, Loo JCY, et al. Updated clinical practice recommendations for managing adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Genet Med. 2023 Mar;25(3):100344.Full text  Abstract

Óskarsdóttir S, Boot E, Crowley TB, et al. Updated clinical practice recommendations for managing children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Genet Med. 2023 Mar;25(3):100338.Full text  Abstract

Mustillo PJ, Sullivan KE, Chinn IK, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the immunological management of chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and other defects in thymic development. J Clin Immunol. 2023 Feb;43(2):247-70.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Anomalias não sindrômicas
    • Exposição à isotretinoína
    • Síndrome CHARGE
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Updated clinical practice recommendations for managing children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
    • Clinical practice guidelines for the immunological management of chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and other defects in thymic development
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Insuficiência cardíaca: como posso me ajudar?

    Esquizofrenia: o que é?

    More Patient information
  • padlock-lockedLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer