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Síndrome de DiGeorge

Last reviewed: 17 Jan 2026
Last updated: 18 Dec 2024

Summary

Definition

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • cianose
  • sinais de insuficiência cardíaca
  • sopro cardíaco
  • características faciais específicas
  • fenda labial e fenda palatina
  • deficit no crescimento
  • convulsão ou tetania
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • apresentação na primeira infância
  • dificuldade para se alimentar
  • atraso na fala
  • distúrbio de aprendizagem não verbal
  • infecções frequentes
  • esquizofrenia
  • características da síndrome CHARGE (caracterizada por coloboma, atresia das cóanas e canais semicirculares anormais)
完整详情

危险因素

  • pai/mãe com síndrome de DiGeorge
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • cálcio sérico
  • paratormônio (PTH) sérico intacto
  • contagem de células T
  • análise cromossômica por microarray
  • amplificação de múltiplas sondas dependentes de ligação
  • títulos imunológicos específicos (se houver imunização prévia)
  • Hemograma completo
  • hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH)
  • T4 livre
  • radiografia torácica
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
  • imunoglobulinas séricas
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • hibridização in situ fluorescente
  • cariótipo
  • ecocardiograma
  • ultrassonografia renal e vesical
  • audiometria
  • avaliações odontológicas e palatais
  • avaliação oftalmológica
完整详情

治疗流程

持续性治疗

nascimento até 4 meses

Lactentes e crianças pequenas (4 meses a 5 anos)

crianças em idade escolar (5 a 18 anos)

adultos

撰稿人

作者

James A. Stadler III, MD, MAS

Assistant Professor of Neurological Surgery

University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health

University of Wisconsin-Madison

WI

利益声明

JAS declares that he has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr James A. Stadler III would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Sean A. McGhee and Dr Maria Garcia Lloret, the previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

SAMG has provided testimony as an expert in a criminal case in which immune deficiency was a concern, and is a co-author of a reference cited in this topic. MGL is a co-author of a reference cited in this topic.

同行评议者

Gabriela M. Repetto, MD

Director

Centro de Genetica Humana

Facultad de Medicina

Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo

Santiago

Chile

利益声明

GMR is a co-author of a reference cited in this topic.

Lisa Kobrynski, MD, MPH

Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep

Emory University

Atlanta

GA

利益声明

LK is an investigator in clinical trials by Baxter Bioscience. These trials do not involve patients with 22q11DS. LK is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Winnie Ip, BHB, MBChB, FRACP, MD(Res)

Consultant Immunologist

Department of Immunology

Great Ormond Street Hospital

London

UK

利益声明

WI declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

European Society for Immunodeficiencies. Clinical Working Party diagnostic criteria for PID: DiGeorge syndrome diagnostic criteria [internet publication].全文

Boot E, Óskarsdóttir S, Loo JCY, et al. Updated clinical practice recommendations for managing adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Genet Med. 2023 Mar;25(3):100344.全文  摘要

Óskarsdóttir S, Boot E, Crowley TB, et al. Updated clinical practice recommendations for managing children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Genet Med. 2023 Mar;25(3):100338.全文  摘要

Mustillo PJ, Sullivan KE, Chinn IK, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the immunological management of chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and other defects in thymic development. J Clin Immunol. 2023 Feb;43(2):247-70.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • 鉴别诊断

    • Anomalias não sindrômicas
    • Exposição à isotretinoína
    • Síndrome CHARGE
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  • 指南

    • Updated clinical practice recommendations for managing children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
    • Clinical practice guidelines for the immunological management of chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and other defects in thymic development
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