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Depleção de volume em adultos

Última revisão: 13 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 06 Aug 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • tontura postural
  • perda de peso
  • hipotensão ortostática
  • taquicardia postural
  • sinais de choque
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • débito urinário diminuído
  • diarreia
  • vômitos
  • melena
  • hematoquezia
  • drenagem gastrointestinal de alto volume
  • poliúria
  • ingestão oral insatisfatória
  • sudorese intensa
  • queimaduras
  • obstrução intestinal
  • pancreatite grave
  • lesões por esmagamento
  • sangramento intra-abdominal
  • fadiga
  • sede
  • membranas mucosas ressecadas
  • cãibras musculares
  • dor abdominal
  • dor torácica
  • confusão
  • turgor cutâneo diminuído
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • terapia diurética
  • doença renal crônica
  • idosos
  • estado mental alterado
  • temperatura ambiente elevada
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • Hemograma completo
  • eletrólitos séricos
  • glicose sanguínea
  • ureia sérica
  • creatinina sérica
  • lactato
  • procalcitonina
  • urinálise
  • sódio urinário aleatório
  • excreção fracionada de sódio (FENa)
  • cloreto urinário aleatório
  • creatinina urinária aleatória
  • osmolalidade urinária aleatória
  • exame retal e exame de sangue oculto nas fezes
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • ureia urinária/excreção fracionada de ureia (FEurea)
  • gasometria arterial ou venosa
  • lavagem nasogástrica
  • coproculturas
  • ultrassonografia abdominal
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) abdominal
  • endoscopia digestiva alta
  • colonoscopia
Detalhes completos

Novos exames

  • osmolalidade da saliva
  • Ultrassonografia no local de atendimento (POCUS)

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

perdas hemorrágicas

perdas gastrointestinais não hemorrágicas: vômitos e/ou diarreia

diurese excessiva

perdas cutâneas

sequestro para o terceiro espaço

perdas pulmonares: broncorreia ou derrame pleural em drenagem

ingestão oral inadequada sustentada

Colaboradores

作者

Daniel Batlle, MD

Professor

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension

Department of Internal Medicine

Northwestern Memorial Hospital

Chicago

IL

利益声明

DB is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Pabitra Adhikari,

MD

Nephrology Fellow

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension

Northwestern University

Chicago

IL

利益声明

PA declares that she has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Daniel Batlle would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Maria Aurora Posadas Salas, Dr Jason Eckel, Dr Arthur Greenberg, Dr Syed Haque, and Dr Alonso Marquez previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

MPS, JE, and AG declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Nitin Kolhe, MD

Renal Consultant

Infection Control Lead for Medical Directorate

Derby City Hospital

Derby

UK

利益声明

NK declares that he has no competing interests.

Irfan Moinuddin, MD

Assistant Professor

Chicago Medical School

Rosalind Franklin University

Lombard

IL

利益声明

IM declares that he has no competing interests.

Manish Suneja, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Internal Medicine

Division of Nephrology

University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics

Iowa City

IA

利益声明

MS declares that he has no competing interests.

Judith H. Veis, MD

Associate Director

Nephrology

Washington Hospital Center

Washington

DC

利益声明

JHV declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021 Nov;47(11):1181-247.全文  摘要

Cartotto R, Johnson LS, Savetamal A, et al. American burn association clinical practice guidelines on burn shock resuscitation. J Burn Care Res. 2024 May 6;45(3):565-89.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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