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Esporotricose

Last reviewed: 21 Aug 2025
Last updated: 10 May 2023

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • lesão cutânea primária
  • lesões de linfangite nodulares
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • sintomas respiratórios
  • edema/eritema articular
  • homens de 30 a 60 anos de idade
  • febre
  • linfadenopatia
  • sintomas tipo meningite
Full details

Risk factors

  • trauma na pele
  • profissões/passatempos em áreas externas
  • mordidas e arranhaduras de animais
  • transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas
  • diabetes mellitus
  • Vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)/síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS)
  • doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC)
  • tratamento com corticosteroides
  • quimioterapia em pacientes com neoplasia hematológica
  • transplante de órgãos sólidos/células-tronco hematopoiéticas
  • terapia com inibidor do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-alfa)
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • cultura fúngica da lesão cutânea
  • histopatologia da lesão cutânea (metenamina de prata de Gomori, ácido periódico de Schiff)
  • Hemograma completo
  • velocidade de hemossedimentação
  • radiografia da articulação
  • cultura fúngica do líquido sinovial por artrocentese
  • cultura fúngica de escarro ou da lavagem broncoalveolar (LBA)
  • punção lombar para análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano
  • cultura fúngica do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR)
  • hemoculturas para fungos
Full details

Tests to consider

  • biópsia de tecido sinovial para cultura fúngica
  • histopatologia do tecido sinovial (metenamina de prata de Gomori, coloração com ácido periódico de Schiff)
  • cultura fúngica da biópsia brônquica
  • histopatologia da biópsia brônquica
  • radiografia torácica
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) do tórax
  • níveis de itraconazol sérico
  • ureia sérica
  • creatinina sérica
  • TFHs
Full details

Emerging tests

  • coloração imuno-histoquímica
  • reação em cadeia da polimerase

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

não gestante: linfocutânea/cutânea

não gestante: doença extracutânea leve/moderada

não gestante: doença extracutânea grave/com risco de vida

gestantes: cutânea

gestantes: linfocutânea

gestantes: extracutânea

Contributors

Authors

Michail Lionakis, MD, ScD

Chief

Fungal Pathogenesis Section

Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology

National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

National Institutes of Health

Bethesda

MD

Disclosures

ML declares that he has no competing interests.

John E. Bennett, MD

Chief

Clinical Mycology Section

Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

National Institutes of Health

Bethesda

MD

Disclosures

JEB declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

George Samonis, MD

Professor of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases

University of Crete

Department of Internal Medicine

Gallos University Campus

Crete

Greece

Disclosures

GS declares that he has no competing interests.

Amy Xu, MD, MA

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Section of Dermatology

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

AX declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Rex JH, Okhuysen PC. Sporothrix schenckii. In Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2020: 3131-6.

Orofino-Costa R, Macedo PM, Rodrigues AM, et al. Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics. An Bras Dermatol. 2017 Sep-Oct;92(5):606-20.Full text  Abstract

Kauffman CA, Bustamante B, Chapman SW, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of sporotrichosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 15;45(10):1255-65.Full text  Abstract

Sharkey-Mathis PK, Kauffman CA, Graybill JR, et al. Treatment of sporotrichosis with itraconazole. NIAID Mycoses Study Group. Am J Med. 1993 Sep;95(3):279-85. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Esporotricose images
  • Differentials

    • Nocardiose cutânea primária
    • Infecção cutânea por Mycobacterium marinum
    • Leishmaniose cutânea
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Clinical practice guidelines for the management of sporotrichosis
    More Guidelines
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