Avaliação das alterações do estado mental relacionadas ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)

Last reviewed: 19 Aug 2025
Last updated: 14 Aug 2025

Summary

Differentials

Common

  • Comprometimento neurocognitivo assintomático
  • Transtorno neurocognitivo leve (TNL)
  • Efeitos adversos de antirretrovirais
  • Encefalite/abscesso por toxoplasmose
  • Meningite/abscesso criptocócica
  • Meningite/abscesso por Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Depression
  • Uso indevido de substâncias
  • Transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas
  • Coinfecção pelo vírus da hepatite C
  • Coinfecção pelo vírus da hepatite B
  • Hipogonadismo
Full details

Uncommon

  • Demência associada ao HIV (DAH)
  • Síndrome inflamatória da reconstituição imune
  • Neurossífilis
  • Encefalite por citomegalovírus (CMV)
  • Leucoencefalopatia multifocal progressiva
  • Encefalite por vírus do herpes simples
  • Encefalite por varicela-zóster
  • Linfoma primário do SNC positivo para vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV)
  • Deficiência de vitamina B12
  • Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC)
  • Hipotireoidismo
  • Insuficiência adrenal
Full details

Contributors

Authors

Monica Maria Diaz, MD, MS

Assistant Professor of Neurology

Division of MS/Neuroimmunology

University of North Carolina School of Medicine

Chapel Hill

NC

Disclosures

MMD declares that she has no competing interests. MMD is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

Dr Monica M. Diaz would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Marie-Josée Brouillette, Dr Mark Hull, Dr Marianne Harris, and Dr Martin Repetto, the previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

Dr Mark Hull has received honoraria for speaking engagements and advisory boards from Gilead and Merck. These have been paid to his institution. Dr Marianne Harris has served as a consultant and/or advisory board member for Gilead Sciences Canada Inc., Merck Canada Inc., and ViiV Healthcare. Honoraria are administered by the institution. MJB and MR declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Joseph R. Zunt, MD, MPH

Associate Professor of Neurology

Harborview Medical Center

Seattle

WA

Disclosures

JRZ has received funding from NIH for research.

John Frater, MB BS, PhD

Consultant in Infectious Diseases

Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine

University of Oxford

Oxford

UK

Disclosures

JF has received the MRC Clinician Scientist award.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the HIV Medicine Association, and the Infectious Disease Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. 2025 [internet publication].Full text

Horberg M, Thompson M, Agwu A, et al. Primary care guidance for providers of care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus: 2024 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Oct 12:ciae479.Full text  Abstract

The Mind Exchange Working Group. Assessment, diagnosis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND): a consensus report of the Mind Exchange Program. Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Apr;56(7):1004-17. Abstract

European AIDS Clinical Society. Guidelines: version 12.1 Nov 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Guidelines

    • EACS guidelines: version 12.1
    • Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV
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