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Ingestão de produtos tóxicos em crianças

最后审阅: 26 Sep 2025
最后更新: 12 Aug 2025

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • erro de medicamento em lactentes
  • ingestão testemunhada ou criança encontrada com frasco vazio ou com pílulas
  • história de ingestão deliberada
  • história de uso indevido de substâncias
  • síndrome tóxica simpatomimética
  • síndrome tóxica antimuscarínica
  • síndrome tóxica opioide
  • síndrome tóxica hipnótico-sedativa
  • síndrome tóxica colinérgica
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • náuseas, vômitos ou diarreia
  • estado mental alterado
  • febre ou hipertermia
  • coloração ou queimaduras na boca e na orofaringe
  • hipertensão ou hipotensão
  • hiperventilação ou hipoventilação
  • convulsões
  • cegueira ou visão reduzida
  • audição reduzida ou zumbido
  • coloração avermelhada da pele
  • sinais e sintomas de hipoglicemia
  • icterícia
  • hiper-reflexia e mioclonia
  • rigidez muscular
  • nistagmo
  • ataxia
  • estridor
完整详情

危险因素

  • presença de medicamentos em casa
  • acesso fácil a medicamentos ou a produtos químicos domésticos
  • idade jovem
  • pica
  • estresse emocional
  • história de depressão ou de outro transtorno mental
  • sexo feminino
  • história familiar de transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • eletrólitos séricos
  • ureia sérica
  • creatinina sérica
  • glicemia capilar ou glicose sérica
  • gasometria capilar ou gasometria arterial
  • anion gap
  • lactato sérico
  • corpos cetônicos ou acetona
  • razão normalizada internacional (INR)
  • TFHs
  • níveis séricos de paracetamol
  • níveis séricos de salicilato
  • exame de urina para detecção de drogas
  • urinálise
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
  • teste de gravidez
  • creatina quinase sérica
  • radiografia abdominal
  • radiografia torácica
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • nível de etanol
  • níveis séricos de metanol ou etilenoglicol
  • nível sérico de digoxina
  • níveis séricos de anticonvulsivantes
  • níveis séricos de ferro
  • níveis séricos de lítio, teofilina ou níveis de metais pesados no sangue total
  • exame de urina abrangente para detecção de drogas
  • tentativa terapêutica com naloxona
  • tentativa terapêutica com bicarbonato de sódio
  • tentativa terapêutica com atropina e pralidoxima
  • tentativa terapêutica com flumazenil
  • tentativa terapêutica com octreotida
  • tentativa terapêutica com fisostigmina
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

assintomático

ingestão sintomática e/ou de alto risco e/ou níveis de medicamento elevados

撰稿人

作者

David L. Eldridge, MD

Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Senior Associate Dean of Academic Affairs

Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University

Greenville

NC

利益声明

DLE has received research grants and been a site investigator for a closed clinical trial from GlaxoSmithKline and a closed clinical trial from Cempra Pharmaceuticals. DLE is an author of two of the references cited in this topic.

Matthew R. Ledoux, MD

Chair, Department of Pediatrics

Pediatrician in Chief Maynard Children's Hospital

Associate Professor of Pediatrics

Maynard Distinguished Scholar of Pediatrics

Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University

ECU Health

Greenville

NC

利益声明

MRL declares that he has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr David Eldridge and Dr Matthew Ledoux would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Cynthia K. Aaron and Dr Keenan M. Bora, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

CKA and KMB declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Laurie Prescott, MD, FRCP

Emeritus Professor of Clinical Pharmacology

Faculty of Medicine

University of Edinburgh

Edinburgh

UK

利益声明

LP declares that he has no competing interests.

Mark Mannenbach, MD

Consultant in Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Assistant Professor of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rochester

MN

利益声明

MM declares that he has no competing interests.

Colin A. Graham, MBChB, MPH, MD, FRCSEd, FRCSGlasg, FIMCRCSEd, FCCP, FCEM, FHKCEM, FHKAM

Editor

European Journal of Emergency Medicine

Professor of Emergency Medicine

Chinese University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong

People's Republic of China

利益声明

CAG is the editor of the European Journal of Emergency Medicine and receives an annual honorarium from Wolters Kluwer Health, the journal's publishers.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Hoffman RS, Burns MM, Gosselin S. Ingestion of caustic substances. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1739-48.

McKay C. Can the laboratory help me? Toxicology laboratory testing in the possibly poisoned pediatric patient. Clin Pedi EM. 2005;6:116-22.

Dart RC, Goldfrank LR, Erstad BL, et al. Expert consensus guidelines for stocking of antidotes in hospitals that provide emergency care. Ann Emerg Med. 2018 Mar;71(3):314-25.e1.全文  摘要

Royal College of Emergency Medicine. College of Emergency Medicine and National Poisons Information Service guideline on antidote availability for emergency departments, 2021 update. Dec 2021 [internet publication].全文

American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper: single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43(2):61-87.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Ingestão de produtos tóxicos em crianças images
  • 鉴别诊断

    • Causas não tóxicas de taquicardia de complexo largo
    • Causas não tóxicas do estado de mal epiléptico
    • Causas não tóxicas de acidose metabólica com anion gap
    更多 鉴别诊断
  • 指南

    • Expert consensus for a national essential antidote list: e-Delphi method
    • Guideline on antidote availability for emergency departments
    更多 指南
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