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Eczema

  • Visão geral
  • Teoria
  • Diagnóstico
  • Tratamento
  • ACOMPANHAMENTO
  • Recursos
Última revisão: 12 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 19 Jun 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • prurido
  • xerose (pele seca)
  • locais de envolvimento da pele
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • eritema
  • descamação
  • vesículas
  • pápulas
  • ceratose pilar
  • escoriações
  • liquenificação
  • hipopigmentação
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • mutação do gene da filagrina
  • idade <5 anos
  • história familiar de eczema
  • rinite alérgica
  • asma
  • exposição ativa e passiva à fumaça de cigarro
  • sexo feminino
  • Etnia afro-americana
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • diagnóstico clínico
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • níveis de IgE
  • teste alérgico cutâneo por puntura ("prick test")
  • teste de desencadeamento alimentar oral
  • tentativa de dieta de eliminação
  • teste de contato
  • biópsia de pele
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

exacerbação aguda

CONTÍNUA

doença recidivante ou crônica

Colaboradores

Autores

Adelaide A. Hebert, MD

Professor & Director of Pediatric Dermatology

Clinical Specialist

Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics

University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston

Houston

TX

Declarações

AAH has received research grants paid to UTHealth McGovern Medical School Houston from Pfizer, GSK, Dermavant, Arcutis, and Novan; has received honoraria from Pfizer, Verrica, and Novan; and is on the data safety monitoring boards for GSK, Ortho Dermatologics, and Regeneron-Sanofi.

Alexander Jafari, MD

Dermatology Clinical Research Fellow

Department of Dermatology

University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Houston

TX

Declarações

AJ declares that he has no competing interests.

Matthew Dallo, MD

Clinical Research Fellow

Department of Dermatology

University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Houston

TX

Declarações

MD declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Adelaide A. Hebert, Alexander Jafari, and Dr Matthew Dallo would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Eugenio G. Galindo, Dr Quoc-Bao D. Nguyen, Dr Mary D. DarConte, Dr Christina M. Gelbard, and Dr Daniel A. Grabella, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

EGG, QBDN, MDD, CMG, and DAG declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Amor Khachemoune, MD

Assistant Professor

New York University School of Medicine

NY

Disclosures

AK declares that he has no competing interests.

John English, MBBS, FRCP

Consultant Dermatologist

Department of Dermatology

Queen's Medical Centre

Nottingham University Hospitals

Nottingham

UK

Disclosures

JE declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Atopic eczema in under 12s: diagnosis and management. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text

European Dermatology Forum. Living EuroGuiDerm guideline for the systemic treatment of atopic eczema. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Full text

Davis DMR, Drucker AM, Alikhan A, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with phototherapy and systemic therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Feb;90(2):e43-56.Full text  Abstract

Sidbury R, Alikhan A, Bercovitch L, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Jan 11:S0190-9622(23)00004-X.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Eczema images

  • Differentials

    • Dermatite seborreica
    • Dermatite de contato irritativa
    • Dermatite alérgica de contato
    More Differentials

  • Guidelines

    • Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis
    • Atopic eczema in under 12s: diagnosis and management
    More Guidelines

  • Patient information

    Eczema

    More Patient information
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