Avaliação da dispneia

Última revisão: 24 Sep 2025
Última atualização: 02 Sep 2025

Resumo

Diagnósticos diferenciais

comuns

  • Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC)
  • Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva
  • Asma
  • Pneumonia (bacteriana, viral, fúngica, tuberculosa)
  • Doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19)
  • Crupe
  • Síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA)
  • Angina estável
  • Arritmias
  • Doença pulmonar intersticial
  • Bronquiectasia
  • Pneumonite não infecciosa (pneumonite eosinofílica, por radiação, por aspiração, por hipersensibilidade)
  • Bronquite aguda
  • Laringite
  • Embolia pulmonar (trombótica, gasosa, por líquido amniótico, tumoral)
  • Derrame pleural
  • Pleurite
  • Anemia
  • Doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE)
  • Ascite
  • Choque
  • Tumores pulmonares
  • Ansiedade e ataques de pânico
  • Envelhecimento normal, falta de condicionamento físico e obesidade
Detalhes completos

Incomuns

  • Sepse
  • Dissecção da aorta
  • Sarcoidose
  • Contusão pulmonar
  • Epiglotite
  • Anafilaxia
  • Angioedema
  • Aspiração de corpo estranho
  • Tumores traqueobrônquicos (benignos ou malignos)
  • Bócio retroesternal
  • Disfunção das pregas vocais
  • Hipertensão pulmonar
  • Síndrome hepatopulmonar
  • Malformações arteriovenosas pulmonares
  • Doença veno-oclusiva pulmonar
  • Mesotelioma
  • Pneumotórax e pneumomediastino
  • Hemotórax
  • Valvopatia cardíaca adquirida
  • Cardiopatia congênita
  • Medicamentos cardíacos
  • Doença miocárdica (cardiomiopatia, miocardite)
  • Doença pericárdica
  • Síndrome da veia cava superior
  • Metemoglobinemia e envenenamento por monóxido de carbono
  • Tétano
  • Botulismo
  • Paralisia do nervo frênico
  • Esclerose lateral amiotrófica
  • Poliomielite e outras infecções virais agudas do corno anterior
  • Síndrome de Guillain-Barré
  • Miastenia gravis
  • Deficiência dos músculos respiratórios
  • Síndrome miastênica paraneoplásica
  • Doença tireoidiana
  • Síndrome de Cushing
  • Feocromocitoma
  • Cifoescoliose e pectus excavatum
  • Difteria
Detalhes completos

Colaboradores

Autores

Tomasz J. Kuzniar, MD, PhD
Tomasz J. Kuzniar

Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine

University of Chicago

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

NorthShore University HealthSystem

Evanston

IL

Declarações

TJK is co-author of, and receives royalties from, two topics on sleep apnoea for UpToDate.

Agradecimentos

Dr Tomasz J. Kuzniar would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Kamilla Kasibowska-Kuzniar and Dr Kaiser G. Lim, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

KK-K and KGL declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Nicholas Maskell, MD

Senior Lecturer and Consultant Physician

North Bristol Lung Centre

Southmead Hospital

Bristol

UK

Declarações

NM declares that he has no competing interests.

Najib Rahman, BM, BCh, MA (Oxon), MRCP (UK)

MRC Training Fellow and Specialist Registrar, Respiratory Medicine

Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine

Churchill Hospital

Oxford

UK

Declarações

NR declares that he has no competing interests.

Jonathan P. Parsons, MD

Assistant Professor

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine

Ohio State University Medical Center

Columbus

OH

Disclosures

JPP declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: chronic dyspnea - noncardiovascular origin. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. May 2025 [internet publication].Full text

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for prevention, diagnosis and management of COPD: 2025 report. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS): the Task Force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Respir J. 2019 Sep;543-603.Full text

Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2022 May 3;145(18):e895-1032.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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